What is waffle slab? Construction Process - Ribbed Slab

The Waffle slab system can be called as a two – way joist slab system which comprises of ribs constructed in perpendicular direction.

Waffle slabs are most suitable for construction of slabs with long span. Slabs that have span greater than 16m can make use of a waffle slab design. This waffled feature in slabs will help to take up heavy loads. Actually the introduction of support hoists made waffle slab very stiff. Technically speaking stiffness is actually the force that is required to produce unit deflection in a structure so if greater the force required that structure would be more stiff and vice versa.

The waffle slabs construction follows two methods:

Waffle slab with Solid Heads
Waffle slab with Band Beams

In waffle slab the waffles are formed as domes like structure which in general are of standard dimension of 483mm if the ribs are having a width of 127mm and the module formed will have a dimension of 610mm. For ribs with depth 152mm, the domes of dimension 762mm can be used. So we can conclude from this that size of the dome depends on the depth of the ribs or joists.

During the design and construction, it is recommended to avoid the domes near to the columns or near to its vicinity. In practice, the ribs are connected from the columns and beams.

The number of domes formed will vary based on the span length and the loading conditions. This would also affect the number of solid strips that are running between the columns in both the perpendicular directions.

As mentioned in the introduction, the waffle slab forms a combination of ribs or grillage that are running parallel and perpendicular to each other. This hence forms an orthogonal assembly. This arrangement will have voids between the ribs. These voids can be either square or round or any dimension based on the construction pods used.
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