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Paul’s teaching in Romans 7:1-6 clearly explains that Christians are no longer bound to the Old Covenant law because, through Jesus’ death and resurrection, we have entered into a new covenant. This concept is crucial because it means we can’t selectively pick laws from the Old Testament to follow or use them as a guide for moral decision-making. Instead, we must fully embrace the new way of life through God’s Spirit within us.
This ties directly to God’s promise in Jeremiah 31:31-34, where He said He would establish a new covenant with His people, writing His law on their hearts, and putting His Spirit inside them so that no one would need to teach their neighbor to know God, for they would know Him directly. This prophecy is fulfilled through Jesus, making the old written law obsolete as the Spirit now guides us from within.
Additionally, 2 Corinthians 3:3 tells us that under this new covenant, God’s commands are written not with ink but by the Spirit of the living God on tablets of human hearts, contrasting it with the old covenant, where the law was written on tablets of stone—specifically the Ten Commandments. This points to the fact that we no longer need the Mosaic law, including the Ten Commandments, as external guides. Instead, we follow the Spirit’s internal guidance.
Jesus Clearly Defines the New Covenant and Law:
1. The New Commandment (John 13:34-35)
• Jesus gives His disciples a new commandment during the Last Supper: “A new command I give you: Love one another. As I have loved you, so you must love one another.” This commandment is the foundation of Christian ethics, emphasizing love as the hallmark of discipleship.
2. The New Covenant (Luke 22:20)
• During the Last Supper, Jesus refers to the New Covenant: “This cup is the new covenant in my blood, which is poured out for you.” This statement links His sacrificial death to the establishment of a new covenant, which would replace the Old Covenant under the Mosaic Law.
3. The Great Commandment (Matthew 22:37-40)
• While not explicitly called a “new commandment” here, Jesus summarizes the entire law under two principles: “Love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind.” and “Love your neighbor as yourself.” This teaching reinforces the priority of love in the new covenant’s moral framework.
4. Fulfillment of the Law (Matthew 5:17)
• Jesus explains that His coming fulfills the requirements of the law, initiating a new relationship between God and humanity. He says, “Do not think that I have come to abolish the Law or the Prophets; I have not come to abolish them but to fulfill them.”
5. Covenant and Love (John 15:12-13)
• Jesus reiterates the central theme of sacrificial love in the new commandment: “My command is this: Love each other as I have loved you. Greater love has no one than this: to lay down one’s life for one’s friends.”
Why Cherry-Picking the Old Covenant is Inconsistent:
1. Release from the Law (Romans 7:4-6):
Paul uses the analogy of marriage to explain that just as a widow is no longer bound by the law to her deceased husband, we too are no longer bound to the Old Covenant law. The death and resurrection of Christ fulfilled the law (Matthew 5:17), and now we are called to live under the guidance of the Holy Spirit, not the written code of the Old Testament.
2. The New Covenant Supersedes the Old (Hebrews 8:6-13):
The New Covenant, established through Jesus, is better and replaces the Old Covenant. The old laws served their purpose to reveal sin (Romans 3:20), but now that we are in Christ, our guidance comes from the Spirit, not from trying to adhere to a law we’ve been freed from (Galatians 5:18). The law is now written on our hearts, and God’s Spirit directs us.
3. The Problem with Selective Use of Old Testament Laws:
If Christians cherry-pick which Old Testament laws to follow, it contradicts Paul’s teaching that we are no longer under the law. For example, some might reference dietary laws, Sabbath observance, or other Old Testament commands, such as quoting Leviticus 18:22 to argue against homosexuality. However, Paul warns against this in Galatians 5:1-4, arguing that to follow one part of the law obligates you to follow the entire law. Since no one can fully keep the law, this would lead back to bondage rather than the freedom found in Christ.
4. Living by the Spirit, Not the Law:
Paul emphasizes in Romans 7:6 and Galatians 5:16-18 that we are called to serve in the “new way of the Spirit” rather than the “old way of the written code.” The Spirit now leads us in living out God’s will in our lives, producing the fruit of love, joy, peace, and other virtues (Galatians 5:22-23). God’s direct guidance within us surpasses the need for the old written regulations.
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