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As per Shiv Puran there are 2 stories:-

Consumption of Halahal
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One of the most well-known stories relating to the moon and Shiva is from the Samudra Manthan during drinking, a deadly poison called Halahal emerged, threatening to destroy the entire universe. In an act of self-sacrifice, Shiva consumed the poison to protect creation. However, the poison was so powerful that it burned his throat, turning it blue, and earning him the name Neelkanth. To cool his burning throat, the gods, including the moon god Chandra, requested Shiva to wear the half-moon on his head. This act helped to cool his body, and the moon symbolized relief from the poison's effect.


Story of Chandra Dev and Bholenath
The narrative of Daksha's curse on the moon deity Chandra is the most well-known. The 27 daughters of King Daksha (also called the Nakshatras, or constellations) were wed by Chandra (the Moon God). But he ignored the others and gave preference to one of his wives, Rohini. King Daksha cursed Chandra to gradually fade away because he was upset with his partiality and carelessness toward his other daughters. Chandra's brightness became dimmed as a result of this curse. Goddess Sati went to Rishi Markandeya and he suggested that there is only one way to get rid of the curse and that was pleasing Lord Shiva and he gave Maha Mrityunjaya Mantra. Lord Shiva was pleased by this mantra and he gave life to Moon by placing the crescent moon on his head as a protective emblem. The waxing and waning of the moon represent the cycle of light and darkness that we see today because the curse could not be completely lifted.