Скачать или смотреть UPSC GS 3 ENVIRONMENT L7 | Disaster Management and Risk Reduction

Title: UPSC GS 3 Environment: India's Disaster Management (DM) | Vulnerability, NDMA, GLOFs & Urban Floods Analysis
Description: Unpack the science and systems behind disasters in India, crucial for your UPSC GS 3 preparation. This lecture explores India's high-risk profile and the legal framework guiding disaster response.
Pointers for the Session:
• Defines disaster according to the Disaster Management Act, 2005, as a catastrophe that is "beyond the coping capacity" of the affected area.
• Explains the Disaster Management Cycle, detailing the three main phases: Pre-Crisis (preparedness and mitigation), During Crisis (emergency response), and Post-Crisis (recovery, rehabilitation, and the concept of 'Build Back Better').
• Analyzes India's complex vulnerability profile, noting that roughly 59% of the landmass is prone to earthquakes.
• Identifies the three critical layers of India’s vulnerability: geo-climatic factors (e.g., active Himalayas, monsoon paradox), climate change (acting as a "threat multiplier"), and socio-economic factors (poverty, unplanned urbanization).
• Examines the global road map for risk reduction, the non-binding Sendai Framework (2015–2030), which is more comprehensive and target-oriented than previous agreements.
• Highlights India's role as a regional leader in implementation, citing the example of INCOIS providing tsunami early warnings to 28 countries in the Indian Ocean region.
• Details India's three-tiered institutional framework established by the DM Act 2005: NDMA (National, chaired by PM), SDMA (State, chaired by CM), and DDMA (District, headed by the Collector/DM).
• Discusses challenges within the domestic system, including bureaucratization and implementation gaps.
• Takes a closer look at specific, human-influenced disasters: Urban Floods (driven by unplanned development and the loss of natural water bodies like lakes and ponds) and Forest Fires (over 95% caused by human negligence).
• Explains Glacial Lake Outburst Floods (GLOFs), a growing threat amplified by climate change.
• Concludes with the crucial shift required in policy: moving from reactive Crisis Management to proactive Risk Management.
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