Transient Analysis: Behaviour of Basic Circuit Elements

In this video, we will learn about the transient analysis in the electrical circuits.
So, in this video, we will learn what is transient in the electrical circuits, what is the importance of this transient analysis in the circuit and we will see how the basic circuit elements like resistor, capacitor and inductor behave in this transient.

What is transient:
Whenever you switch on the power supply in the circuit or turn off the supply or anything in the circuit changes abruptly, then circuit takes some time to respond to this new condition and attaining new steady state values. Before attaining new steady state values, it goes through a transition time, which is known as transient. And values of voltage and current during this transient is known as transient values.

The importance of this transient analysis:
During the circuit operation, if anything or any parameter changes abruptly due to some surge or spike, then due to this abrupt changes, there could be a circuit failure or components failure. And to investigate this failure one needs to look into this transient analysis that how voltage and current across the circuit elements changes during this transient. So, if we do this transient analysis then we can design the circuit in such way that it can withstand such abrupt changes.
Apart from circuit stability and failure analysis, in switching applications also this transient analysis is quite helpful.

The behaviour of basic circuit components during transients: (Initial conditions)

Resistor: It responds immediately to any rate of change of voltage or current in the circuit.

Inductor: It opposes the instantaneous change of current.
So, if no current is flowing through the inductor in steady state condition in the circuit, and suddenly if the voltage is applied to that circuit then inductor will act as an open circuit during this transient.
Similarly, if the current I is flowing through the inductor in steady state condition in the circuit, then if you remove the source from the circuit, then inductor will continue to provide current I just after the removal of the source and acts as a current source.
In steady state condition, it will act as a short circuit.

Capacitor:
Capacitor opposes the instantaneous change of voltage.
So, in steady state, if no voltage is applied across this capacitor and if suddenly voltage is applied to this capacitor then it will act as a short circuit.
Similarly, if voltage V is applied across the capacitor since a long time and if suddenly this voltage source is removed then the capacitor will act as a Voltage source with V volt just after the removal of the source voltage.
In steady-state conditions, this capacitor will act as an open circuit.

Timestamps for the different topics in the video is given below.

0:40 What is Transient?

1:59 The importance of the Transient Analysis in the Electrical
Circuit.

3:01 Behaviour of basic Circuit components to this transient (R, L, C)

This video will be helpful to all students of science and engineering in understanding the concept of Transient in the electrical circuit, and how basic circuit components behave during the transient.

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