Скачать или смотреть Apollo Venus Flyby (Manned Venus Flyby) - SFS

In the mid-1960s, NASA studied a mission in which three astronauts would fly past Venus using technology based on the Apollo program. This idea was part of the Apollo Applications Program. Several launch dates were examined, but the 1973 mission was the most detailed. In this plan, the spacecraft would launch on October 31, 1973, pass Venus on March 3, 1974, and return to Earth on December 1, 1974, for a total mission time of about one year.

The mission would use a Saturn V rocket to send the crew toward Venus. The S-IVB rocket stage would be converted into a living space, similar to the early concept of Skylab. After pushing the spacecraft out of Earth orbit, leftover fuel would be emptied, and the large hydrogen tank would become the astronauts’ main living area. The smaller oxygen tank would be used to store waste.

Because not all equipment could survive inside liquid hydrogen or fit in the living area, additional equipment would be placed in the Spacecraft-LM Adapter, the section that normally carried the Lunar Module. To make more room there, the main Apollo engine would be replaced with two smaller Lunar Module descent engines. These engines would also provide backup in case one failed and would be used for course corrections and the final return to Earth.

Unlike Apollo Moon missions, the astronauts would dock with the S-IVB stage before leaving Earth orbit. This meant the crew would experience thrust pushing them forward during the main burn. This approach was necessary so that all systems could be tested early and so the crew could quickly return to Earth if a problem occurred.

Before attempting the Venus flyby, NASA planned test missions, including an Earth-orbit flight using a converted S-IVB stage and a one-year mission in a high Earth orbit to prove that long-duration living in space was possible.

The proposed manned Venus flyby mission demonstrated that long-duration human spaceflight beyond Earth orbit was technically feasible using modified Apollo-era hardware. By adapting existing systems such as the Saturn V, the Apollo Command/Service Module, and a converted S-IVB stage, NASA could have supported a three-person, year-long interplanetary mission without developing an entirely new spacecraft. Although the mission was never carried out, the studies provided valuable insights into life support, propulsion, crew safety, and mission planning for extended space travel. These findings contributed to later space station concepts and helped lay the groundwork for future ambitions in human exploration of the inner solar system.

Source:
Manned Venus Flyby - Wikipedia:
https://share.google/8qLWCfdd4Jv3iIFFT

19790072165.pdf:
https://share.google/z4hyvSjOT3eAXbJfu
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