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ISO, Shutter Speed, and Aperture are the three main parameters around which photography revolves.

Photography is all about capturing light.

Thus there are three things that may affect the amount of light (as reflected from surface of objects) falling on the camera sensor.

First - Availability of light.
Second - Amount of light allowed to enter the camera through the lens.
Third - Duration for which light is allowe to hit the camera sensor.

These coupled with sensitivity level of the lens itself to the light defines the detailing, brightness, sharpness etc in the photography.

There are three main settigns in any camera that relate to above.

Aperture relates to 'Depth Of Field' as explained in this video
Shutter Speed is important to understand how to capture motion in photography.
ISO is the sensitivity of sensor to the light.

Hope you find this useful.

Cheers