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Struggling to upgrade Python on MacOS Catalina? This guide provides a comprehensive guide to seamlessly transition to Python 3.7.7, address linking errors, and restore your packages.
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Upgrading Python on MacOS Catalina: A Step-by-Step Guide to Fixing Your Installation

When you upgrade to MacOS Catalina, it comes equipped with Python version 3.7.3. While this version may work for many tasks, it can feel limiting, especially if you need the latest features or updates that are available in newer versions like Python 3.7.7. If you're encountering issues during this upgrade process, you're not alone. In this post, we will explain how to smoothly upgrade Python, resolve linking errors, and manage your packages effectively.

The Problem

After upgrading to MacOS Catalina, you likely noticed that Python is bundled with the operating system. Unfortunately, this can lead to various conflicts when you try to install a newer version of Python using Homebrew. Here’s a brief outline of the issues you may face:

Existing Python Version: MacOS comes with an older version of Python pre-installed, which can create conflicts when trying to link a newer version.

Linking Errors: You might encounter errors similar to Could not symlink bin/2to3, indicating that files already exist and need to be addressed.

Package Management Confusion: If you've been using pip with your existing version of Python, you'll need to consider how to transfer those packages to the new version.

The Solution

Step 1: Remove Conflicting Applications

One of the simpler solutions to start fresh is to remove the Xcode application which may be hindering the installation of the newer Python version. Just follow these steps:

Uninstall Xcode: Launch Terminal and execute the command:

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Step 2: Install Python with Homebrew

Now that you've cleared the conflicted installation, you can install Python 3.7.7 using Homebrew:

Open Terminal (You can find Terminal in Applications or search for it using Spotlight).

Update Homebrew to ensure you're downloading the latest version:

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Install Python:

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Step 3: Linking Python

You may have encountered conflicts while attempting to link Python. Here are steps to address this:

Link Python Again:
If you encounter errors when linking, you can force the link to overwrite existing files:

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Check Linking:
To verify that Python was linked correctly, you can run:

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This should return Python 3.7.7.

Step 4: Managing Your Packages

Now that you have the new version of Python installed, you may want to transfer your existing pip packages. Here’s how to do it:

List Installed Packages:
You can create a list of your currently installed packages:

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Install Packages in New Python Version:
Now you can install these packages in your newly installed Python version:

[[See Video to Reveal this Text or Code Snippet]]

Conclusion

Upgrading Python on MacOS Catalina doesn’t have to be a daunting task. By following these structured steps, you can transition seamlessly from Python 3.7.3 to 3.7.7, manage any errors you face during linking, and retain all your essential packages. Remember to always back up your projects before making major changes to your development environment, as this will save you from potential losses down the line.

If you face any issues or need additional guidance, don’t hesitate to reach out to the vibrant Python community!