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In this video I test and review my antique English 8 Gauge Double Barrel Shotgun built by Fred Williams 160 years ago.

The shotgun was restored by:
HY-ND ARMS
Wake Forest North Carolina
https://www.hyndarms.com

Shotgun Description:
The 8 gauge double-barrel shotgun in this video was manufactured by the English gun maker Fred Williams around 1865. Currently, the bore condition is in exceptional condition for it's age, with no visible corrosion on or around the "laminated steel: barrels. All the metal surfaces on the receiver and side plates still retained traces of the original case coloring with no corrosion or rust anywhere. The doll-head lockup system, the claws and the hinge pin show some wear due to the age of the firearm. The butt stock and forehand wood shows some scratches and dents but there is no indication of refinishing or alterations. The butt stock and forehand wood shows some scratches and dents but there is no indication of refinishing or alterations. The butt plate is in good condition and the original pistol grip cap is missing. Originally this shotgun was equipped with 34 inch barrels choked full/full, it now has 30 inch barrels choked cylinder/cylinder therefor it is likely the barrels were shortened at some point.

Fred Williams
Fred Williams started manufacturing high-end shotguns in 1873 at 47 1/2 Whittall Street in England. Sometime in 1877 the shop relocated to 34 Bath Street. In the early 1880s the address was 33-34 Bath Street, and in about 1886 it was 34 Bath Street only. The firm appears to have closed in about 1886. So it appears Fred Williams was in business for only 12 or 13 years.

There was an unrelated shotgun manufacturer in England by the name of Fredrick WIlliams from 1881 to 1947.

8 Gauge Shotguns
During its time, the 8 gauge shotgun held a comparable position to the modern 10-gauge shotgun. It served as a specialized, large-bore hunting firearm that enjoyed popularity when the skies of North America were abundant with waterfowl and bag limits were nonexistent. In England, it is still occasionally used by waterfowlers engaged in pass-shooting.

In contemporary times, the preferred choices for this type of hunting would be a 3 1/2-inch 10-gauge or a 3 1/2-inch 12-gauge shotgun, neither of which existed during the 19th century when the 8 gauge was at its peak. The Damascus or twist steel barrels used in that era were not capable of withstanding the heavier and faster loads achievable with modern fluid-steel-barreled guns. Consequently, those seeking to shoot over 2 ounces of lead shot were compelled to use the 8 gauge.

Eight-gauge shotguns were manufactured in various grades, ranging from basic single-shots for utilitarian purposes to high-grade double-barreled guns suitable for distinguished individuals, including presidents. However, their prevalence in the United States abruptly ceased in 1918 when gauges larger than 10 were prohibited for hunting migratory birds. Nevertheless, the 8 gauge continues to be employed by a few dedicated waterfowlers overseas.

In the United States, the 8 gauge occasionally resurfaces in uncommon contexts. It gained fleeting cinematic recognition, enjoying 15 minutes of fame in the 2008 Western film "Appaloosa" as the firearm of choice for Viggo Mortensen's character. Furthermore, it has found occupational use in the mining, cement, and steel industries.

Due to the rarity of double-barreled 8-gauges in contemporary times, Viggo Mortensen had to utilize a mockup 12-gauge shotgun designed to resemble an 8 gauge for the movie "Appaloosa."

Similar to all shotguns, except the .410, the 8 gauge derives its name from the number of lead balls with a diameter equal to its bore that would weigh one pound. This archaic measurement method originates from the era of muzzleloading cannons. However, despite its antiquity, the designation persists.

From a more practical perspective, the 8 gauge could be more accurately referred to as a .835-caliber shotgun. By comparison, a 10-gauge measures .775 inches, while the nominal diameter of a 12-gauge bore is .725 inches. The larger bore diameter of the 8 gauge enables it to accommodate a greater amount of shot compared to the 10 and 12 gauges. During the blackpowder and Damascus steel era, this translated to loads ranging from 1 1/2 to 2 ounces of lead shot. With the advent of stronger fluid-steel barrels and smokeless powder in the late 19th century, the guns could safely handle heavier loads, and the payload increased to 2 to 2 1/2 ounces.