How does your SMARTPHONE work? Electromagnetic waves and Mobile Switching Centers - 3D Animation

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Mobile phones played a fundamental role in telecommunications and now are essential devices in everyday life.
But how come, a so small device allows us to communicate with any person around the word, no matter where we are?
In this video we will explain how your mobile phone is able to trasfer the call, and why there are many generations of mobile networks.
The modern mobile phones are able to transfer the calls thanks to the support of the msc, acronym for: MOBILE SWITCHING CENTERS which, as we will see, contains the main information of your sim cards and provides to transfer the calls to the right recipients.
Let's try to get a closer look of the main components of a mobile phone, which are responsible for the call transfer.
When you want to start a phone conversation, your voice is recorded by a microphone.
The microphone is nothing but a detector and a sound converter, which converts sound pressure into electric signal.
Once the soundwave of your voice has been transformed into an electrical signal, this signal is "sampled" by a tiny sensor inside the phone, called: MEMS sensor.
This sensor basically samples the electric wave of your voice many times per second and digitizes it.
Thus, we pass from the analog world to the digital world, since the wave is "converted" into discrete values, represented by a sequence of zeros and ones.
In this way your voice, after being transformed into a digital signal, can be easily memorized and eventually sent, through the antenna.
The antenna sends the digital signal of your voice in the form of an electromagnetic wave. This wave is able to transmit the zeros and ones of the signal, by modifying its AMPLITUDE, FREQUENCY and PERIOD values, or even changing their combination.
Taking the example of FREQUENCY, the zeros are transmitted in the form of a low-frequency wave, while the ones are transmitted in the form of an high-frequency wave.
The electromagnetic wave containing the information of your voice, must be able to reach the phone receiver of the person with whom you want to talk.
Unfortunately, electromagnetic waves are not able to travel long distances, and lose their power whenever their trajectory is deviated by large buildings, electronic devices, or in the presence of bad weather conditions.
But even if there are no obstacles along the wave trajectory, its linear path could not go on forever, due to the curvature of the Earth.
For this reason, special antennas are installed. The so-called CELLULAR RADIO TOWERS, which use cellular technology to transmit the electromagnetic wave to the right recipient.
Cell towers are distributed throughout the territory, in order to divide it into many hexagonal areas. Each area is simply called CELL, and has its own antenna with its own FREQUENCY BANDS.
Usually CELLS are connected to each other by radio bridges or specific optical fiber cables placed under the ground, or even under water, to ensure national and international connections.
As we’ve already said, the electromagnetic wave produced by your phone contains the information of your voice. This wave is collected by the antennas of the cell tower of the hexagonal area in which you find yourself. The radio cell converts the wave into LIGHT PULSES which are subsequently transferred and collected at the base of the cell tower, right inside the TRANSCEIVER MODULE. After processing the signal, the transceiver sends the latter to the radio cell of destination.
The radio cell of destination in turn re-elaborates the received signals, and transmits it again in the form of an electromagnetic wave to the mobile phone of the person you want to talk to. At this stage, the signal undergoes the inverse process, so the wave containing the information of your voice is converted into an electrical signal, and subsequently into sound. So your voice can now be heard by the receiver.
We can therefore say that the mobile communication network is not only wireless, but also uses LANDLINE TECHNOLOGY too, to transfer the call from your phone to the recipient's phone.
But how does your cell tower knows what is the exact location of the cell tower of the recipient of your call? Thanks to the Mobile Switching Center...