Скачать или смотреть ¹ 🦀♤¹★⁴☆² Araneae - Spiders

▪︎ (Order Araneae) - Spiders are air-breathing arthropods that have 8 limbs, Chelicerae with fangs generally able to inject venom & spinnerets that extrude silk.

They are largest order of arachnids & rank 7th in total species diversity among all orders of organisms.

Are found worldwide on every continent except Antarctica & have become established in nearly every land habitat.

Anatomically, spiders (as with all arachnids) differ from other arthropods in that usual body segments are fused into 2 tagmata, cephalothorax or prosoma, & opisthosoma or abdomen & joined by a small, cylindrical pedicel. Unlike insects, spiders do not have antennae. In all except most primitive group, the Mesothelae, spiders have most centralized nervous systems of all arthropods, as all their ganglia are fused into one mass in cephalothorax. Unlike most arthropods, spiders have no extensor muscles in their limbs & instead extend them by hydraulic pressure.

Their abdomens bear appendages, modified into spinnerets that extrude silk from up to 6 types of glands. Spider webs vary widely in size, shape & amount of sticky thread used.

They also grind food with bases of their pedipalps, as arachnids do not have mandibles that crustaceans & insects have.

Minority of species are Social, building communal webs that may house anywhere from a few to 50,000 individuals. Social behavior ranges from precarious toleration, as in Widow Spiders, to cooperative hunting & food-sharing. Although most spiders live for at most 2 years, Tarantulas live up to 25 years in captivity.
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🦀♤¹ Class Arachnida (95930), 9606 Genera - Arachnids - Spiders, Scorpions, Ticks, Mites, Pseudoscorpions, Harvestmen, Camel Spiders, Whip Spiders, Vinegaroons
★⁴ Superorder Not assigned
☆² Order Araneae (51371), 4358 Genera,136 Families - Spiders

•¹³⁶ Family

Actinopodidae (125), 3 - Mouse Spiders
Agelenidae (1386), 96 - Funnel Weavers
Amaurobiidae (290), 50 - Hackledmesh Weavers
Anamidae (143), 10
Anapidae (232), 58 - Anapid Spiders
Antrodiaetidae (37), 4 - Foldingdoor Spiders
Anyphaenidae (640), 58 - Ghost Spiders
Araneidae (2963), 178 - Orbweavers
Archaeidae (92), 5 - Archaeid Spiders
Archoleptonetidae (8), 2
Arkyidae (38), 2
Atracidae (36), 3
Atypidae (56), 3 - Purseweb Spiders
Austrochilidae (9), 2 - Austrochilid Spiders

Barychelidae (285), 38 - Brushfooted Trapdoor Spiders
Bemmeridae (50), 4

Caponiidae (143), 21 - Caponiid Spiders
Cheiracanthiidae (366), 14
Cithaeronidae (9), 2 - Cithaeronid Spiders
Clubionidae (658), 18 - Sac Spiders
Corinnidae (681), 76 - Antmimic Spiders
Ctenidae (603), 48 - Wandering Spiders
Ctenizidae (5), 2 - Trapdoor Spiders
Cyatholipidae (58), 23 - Cyatholipid Spiders
Cybaeidae (300), 23 - Water Spiders
Cycloctenidae (80), 8 - Scuttling Spiders
Cyrtaucheniidae (108), 6 - Cyrtaucheiid Spiders

Deinopidae (68), 3 - Ogrefaced Spiders
Desidae (324), 63 - Desid Spiders
Dictynidae (475), 53 - Meshweavers
Diguetidae (15), 2 - Desertshrub Spiders
Dipluridae (140), 6 - Funnelweb Spiders
Drymusidae (19), 2 - Drymusid Spiders
Dysderidae (630), 25 - Dysderid Spiders

Entypesidae (41), 7
Eresidae (102), 9 - Eresid Spiders
Euagridae (87), 14
Euctenizidae (77), 8

Filistatidae (191), 18 - Crevice Weavers
Fonteferridae (1), 1

Gallieniellidae (41), 5 - Gallieniellid Spiders
Gnaphosidae (2454), 151 - Stealthy Ground Spiders
Gradungulidae (17), 8 - Gradungulid Spiders

... Part 2 🐈‍⬛
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▪︎ (Araneus diadematus) Cross Orbweaver in Orbweaver Family (Araneidae) native to Europe, & North America where it was introduced.

Colourings from extremely light Yellow to very dark Grey, but all have mottled White markings across dorsal abdomen with 4 or more segments forming a cross. Markings are formed in cells filled with guanine which is a byproduct of protein metabolism.

Adult Females length 6.5-20 mm, Males 5.5-13 mm. Occasionally Female will eat Male directly after mating.

Legs of orb-weaver spiders are specialized for spinning Orb Webs. Webs are built by larger females, which hang head down in center of web or remain hidden in nearby foliage, with one claw hooked to a signal line connected to main orb, waiting for a disturbance to signal arrival of prey. Prey is then quickly wrapped in silk & bitten & prey may hang on web to be stored for later consumption. Initial bite serves to paralyze prey & minimize danger of spider herself being stung or bitten & enzymes thus injected serve to begin liquefaction of prey's internal structures.

Alongside use of web to capture other prey, spiders are also cannibals & prey on each other, but this only happens just before, during or just after sexual activity. They attack based on their size, sexual experience & hunger levels.

Is a reclusive creature & only bites humans if cornered or otherwise provoked. It responds to a disturbance by vibrating rapidly in its web until it becomes a blur, a reaction that is assumed to confuse potential predators.
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