Скачать или смотреть What is System|Surrounding|Universe|Boundary Of System|State of System|State function|Path Functions

What is System|Surrounding|Universe|Boundary Of System|State of System|State function|Path FunctionsHere are the definitions:

_System_:

A group of interrelated components or objects that work together as a whole
Can be physical, chemical, or biological
Examples: a container of gas, a chemical reaction, a living organism

_Surroundings_:

Everything outside the system
Can interact with the system through energy or matter transfer
Examples: the atmosphere, a heat bath, a reservoir

_Universe_:

The total of all existence, including all systems and surroundings
The ultimate surroundings of all systems

_Boundary of System_:

The imaginary surface that separates the system from its surroundings
Can be real or imaginary, fixed or movable
Examples: the walls of a container, the skin of an organism

_State of System_:

The condition or status of the system at a particular point in time
Described by its properties, such as temperature, pressure, and composition
Examples: solid, liquid, gas; high pressure, low temperature

_State Function_:

A property of the system that depends only on its current state, not on how it reached that state
Examples: internal energy (U), enthalpy (H), entropy (S)

_Path Function_:

A property of the system that depends on the path by which the system reached its current state
Examples: work (W), heat (Q), energy transferred (ΔE)

Note: State functions are properties of the system, while path functions are related to the process or transformation of the system.

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