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What is flood and its effects?

A flood is a body of water that covers land which is normally dry. Floods are common natural disasters that can affect millions of people around the world. They destroy houses and buildings, and carry soil away from valuable farming land. Floods can also contaminate drinking water and lead to diseases.

What Causes Floods? Top 8 Common Causes of Flooding
• Heavy Rains. The simplest explanation for flooding is heavy rains. ...
• Overflowing Rivers. ...
• Broken Dams. ...
• Urban Drainage Basins. ...
• Storm Surges and Tsunamis. ...
• Channels with Steep Sides. ...
• A Lack of Vegetation. ...
• Melting Snow and Ice.

What are the Different Types of Floods?
• Coastal Flooding. Coastal areas often bear the brunt of severe storms, especially if these have gathered pace over the oceans. ...
• River Flooding. River flooding is one of the most common types of inland flood; occurring when a body of water exceeds its capacity. ...
• Flash Flooding. ...
• Groundwater Flood. ...
• Drain and Sewer Flooding.

How can we control floods?

1. Introduce better flood warning systems. ...
2. Modify homes and businesses to help them withstand floods. ...
3. Construct buildings above flood levels. ...
4. Tackle climate change. ...
5. Increase spending on flood defences. ...
6. Protect wetlands and introduce plant trees strategically. ...
7. Restore rivers to their natural courses. ...
8. Introduce water storage areas.

How can floods be reduced?

Drainage systems should also be covered to prevent litter from getting into them. Trees, shrubs and grass help protect the land from erosion by moving water. People in low-lying areas must be encouraged to use a lot of vegetation to help break the power of moving flood water and also help reduce erosion.

How dams can control floods?

Flood Control
In addition to helping farmers, dams help prevent the loss of life and property caused by flooding. Flood control dams impound floodwaters and then either release them under control to the river below the dam or store or divert the water for other uses.

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Coastal Flooding
Coastal areas often bear the brunt of severe storms, especially if these have gathered pace over the oceans. Extreme weather and high tides can cause a rise in sea levels, sometimes resulting in coastal flooding. Low-lying seaside areas usually have defences against the water - whether that’s man-made defences or natural barriers such as sand dunes. As global warming develops, coastal flooding is expected to be a recurring and increasingly severe problem.

River Flooding
River flooding is one of the most common types of inland flood; occurring when a body of water exceeds its capacity. When a river ‘bursts its banks’ - typically due to high rainfall over a prolonged period of time - localised flooding can cause considerable damage to surrounding properties, as well as posing a significant safety threat. To prevent flooding, rivers needs good defences, especially in flat or populous areas.

Flash Flooding
Caused by heavy and sudden rainfall, flash flooding happens when the ground cannot absorb the water as quickly as it falls. This type of flood usually subsides quickly, but while it lasts can be fast-moving and dangerous. Flash flooding can be prevented by good drainage systems and by avoiding over-development on floodplains.

Groundwater Flood
As opposed to flash floods, groundwater flooding takes time to occur. As rain falls over an extended period, the ground becomes saturated with water until it cannot absorb any more. When this happens, water rises above the ground’s surface and causes flooding. This type of flooding can last for weeks or sometimes even months.

Drain and Sewer Flooding
Sewer floods are not always attributed to the weather. As well as rainfall, they could occur as a result of a blockage or similar failure within the drainage system. Drain and sewer flooding may be internal (within a building) or external.