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Ecosystem
Ecosystem Definition
An ecosystem is a community of living organisms in conjunction with the nonliving components of their environment, interacting as a system.
Functions of Ecosystem
An ecosystem is a functional and life sustaining environmental system. The environmental system consists of biotic and abiotic components. Biotic components include living organisms and abiotic components includes in organic matter and energy.
In an ecosystem there are three functional components.
1. Inorganic constituents
2. Organism
3. Energy input
Structure of ecosystem
Biotic components
Biotic components comprise the living organisms present in an ecosystem. These include plants, animals and micro-organisms (bacteria and fungi). The biotic component of an ecosystem has been classified into three groups:
1. Producers (green plants)
2. Macro consumers (usually animals)
3. Micro consumers or decomposers (organisms like bacteria and fungi).
Abiotic components
Abiotic components consist of the non-living components like light, temperature, water, oxygen,carbon, nitrogen and minerals. Various important abiotic factors have been classified as follows:
1. Climatic factors: These include light, temperature, precipitation, atmospheric humidity and wind.
2. Topographic factors: These include altitude, surface slope and exposure, etc.
3. Edaphic factors: These include soil and substratum.
Types of Ecosystem
An ecosystem can be as small as an oasis in a desert, or as big as an ocean, spanning thousands of miles. There are two types of ecosystem:
1. Terrestrial Ecosystem
2. Aquatic Ecosystem
1. Terrestrial Ecosystems
Terrestrial ecosystems are exclusively land-based ecosystems. There are different types of terrestrial ecosystems distributed around various geological zones.
They are as follows:
Forest Ecosystem
A forest ecosystem consists of several plants, animals and microorganisms that live in coordination with the abiotic factors of the environment. Forests help in maintaining the temperature of the earth and are the major carbon sink.
Grassland Ecosystem
In a grassland ecosystem, the vegetation is dominated by grasses and herbs. Temperate grasslands, savanna grasslands are some of the examples of grassland ecosystems.
Tundra Ecosystem
Tundra ecosystems are devoid of trees and are found in cold climates or where rainfall is scarce. These are covered with snow for most of the year. The ecosystem in the Arctic or mountain tops is tundra type.
Desert Ecosystem
Deserts are found throughout the world. These are regions with very little rainfall. The days are hot and the nights are cold.
2. Aquatic Ecosystem
Aquatic ecosystems are ecosystems present in a body of water. These can be further divided into two types, namely:
Freshwater Ecosystem
The freshwater ecosystem is an aquatic ecosystem that includes lakes, ponds, rivers, streams and wetlands. These have no salt content in contrast with the marine ecosystem.
Marine Ecosystem
The marine ecosystem includes seas and oceans. These have a more substantial salt content and greater biodiversity in comparison to the freshwater ecosystem.
Importance of Ecosystem
It provides habitat to wild plants and animals. It promotes various food chains and food webs. It controls essential ecological processes and promotes lives. Involved in the recycling of nutrients between biotic and abiotic components.
What is the ecosystem?
What are the different types of ecosystems?
What is the structure of the ecosystem?
What is the major function of an ecosystem?
#Ecosystem #Biosphere
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