Sea Stars: Educational Edition

This is an educational edition of True Facts which is appropriate for younger audiences and classroom settings. This channel is run by Ze Frank.

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Huge thank you to:
Dr. Chris Mah
Dr. Tomasz Baumiller
Dr. Timothy O’ Hara
Dr. Charles Messing
Dr. Kate M. Naughton
Dr. Angela Stevenson
Melissa Douglas
Dr. Igor Adameyko
Dr. Symon Dworjanyn
Dr. Lara Tomholt
Dr. Simon Coppard
Sina Heydari
Anders Garm
Melanie Lloyd
Video, courtesy of Monterey Bay Aquarium
Foundation © 2022
The New Zealand Marine Studies Centre,
University of Otago (New Zealand),
and Marco Zilioli

NOAA
Australian Institute of Marine Science
Hakai Institute
WA State Dept. of Ecology
Ocean Networks Canada / CSSF-ROPOS
Vancouver Aquarium
Ru Selvadurai
Tidal Gardens
beachstuff.uk
Garry Fletcher
Racerocks.com
Lester Pearson College
Zeb Hallock
Dr. Elise Hennebert
Mike Lukaczyn
WeDive TV
Abhishek Gupta
Mull Aquarium
Annette G.E. Smith
Robert Beck


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doi:10.1146/annurev.earth.36.031207.124116


Baumiller, Tomasz K. and Messing, Charles G., 2007. Stalked Crinoid Locomotion, and its
Ecological and Evolutionary Implications. Palaeontologia Electronica Vol. 10, Issue 1; 2A:10p,
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Baumiller, Tomasz K.; Mooi, Rich; Messing, Charles G. (2008). Urchins in the meadow:
paleobiological and evolutionary implications of cidaroid predation on crinoids.
Paleobiology, 34(1), 22–34. doi:10.1666/07031.1


Blowes, L.M. et al. (2017), Body wall structure in the starfish Asterias rubens.
J. Anat., 231: 325-341. https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.12646


Byrne, M. Viviparity and intragonadal cannibalism in the diminutive sea stars Patiriella vivipara
and P. parvivipara. Marine Biology 125, 551–567 (1996).
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00353268

Clark, R.N. & Jewett, S.C. 2015: A new sea star of the genus Leptasterias
from the Aleutian Islands.
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Simon E. Coppard; Andreas Kroh; Andrew B. Smith (2012). The evolution of pedicellariae in
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Garm Anders and Nilsson Dan-Eric 2014 Visual navigation in starfish: first evidence for the
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Garm Anders, Sensory Biology of Starfish—With Emphasis on Recent Discoveries
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Hamel, Jean-François et al. “Prespawning Behavior, Spawning, and Development
of the Brooding Starfish Leptasterias Polaris.” Biological Bulletin, vol. 188, no. 1,
Marine Biological Laboratory, 1995, pp. 32–45, https://doi.org/10.2307/1542065.


Hennebert, Elise. (2010). Adhesion Mechanisms Developed by Sea Stars: A Review of the
Ultrastructure and Composition of Tube Feet and Their Secretion.
10.1007/978-3-7091-0286-2_7.


Hernroth B, Farahani F, Brunborg G, Dupont S, Dejmek A, Nilsson Sko ̈ld H. 2010. Possibility
of mixed progenitor cells in sea star arm regeneration. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.)
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Heydari, Sina et al.(2020).
Sea star inspired crawling and bouncing. Journal of The Royal Society Interface.
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KHAN, M. S.R. et al. (2019).
Arrangement and size variation of intra-gonadal offspring in a viviparous asterinid sea star.
Zoosymposia, 15(1), 71–82. doi:10.11646/zoosymposia.15.1.8

Meyer, D. et al. (2021). Crinoid Feeding Strategies: New I
nsights From Subsea Video And Time-Lapse (Elements of Paleontology). Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108893534

Okanishi M, et al. (2017)
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Asteronyx loveni using micro-computed tomography.
ZooKeys 663: 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.663.1...


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Sigl, R. et al. The role of vision for navigation in the crown-of-thorns seastar,
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Tomholt, L. et al. (2020). The structural origins of brittle star arm kinematics:
An integrated tomographic, additive manufacturing, and parametric modeling-based
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