What Role do the EU’s Green Policies Play in Supporting a Just Energy Transition in MENA?

The EU-MENA energy agreements focus on energy security, promoting renewable energy, and transitioning to a sustainable energy system. These agreements are part of the EU's strategy to diversify energy sources and reduce reliance on fossil fuels, contributing to global climate change efforts.

These agreements often include commitments to political and economic reforms, democratization, market liberalization, and sustainable energy practices. The EU provides financial and diplomatic support, including grants and loans from institutions like the European Investment Bank (EIB) and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD).

For example, in Tunisia, the EU partnership focuses on macro-economic stability, trade, green energy transition, and migration, highlighting Tunisia's potential in renewable energy, especially green hydrogen. Similarly, the EU-Egypt partnership emphasizes renewable hydrogen and a green transition, aligning with the Paris Agreement's goals. In Morocco, the EU-Morocco Green Partnership focuses on climate and energy, the environment, and the green economy, supporting both regions in becoming low-carbon, climate-resilient economies.

However, there are concerns about the inclusivity of these projects, the impact on local communities, and the long-term sustainability for MENA countries with significant debt.