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In Python, you might encounter a "SyntaxError: invalid token" when working with numbers that start with the digit 0. This error occurs because Python uses a special syntax to represent numbers in different bases (binary, octal, hexadecimal), and a leading zero is used to indicate octal (base-8) literals. If Python encounters an invalid digit in an octal literal, it raises a "SyntaxError: invalid token."
In this tutorial, we'll explore the reasons behind this error and provide examples to help you understand and avoid it.
When you use a leading zero in a numeric literal, Python interprets it as an octal literal. The octal system only allows digits from 0 to 7. If Python encounters an invalid digit in an octal literal, it raises a "SyntaxError: invalid token." This error can be confusing, especially when you intend to work with decimal numbers.
Let's explore some examples to understand this error better.
In this example, the number 089 is treated as an octal literal because it starts with a leading zero. However, the digit 9 is not valid in the octal system, leading to a "SyntaxError: invalid token."
In this example, 0o75 is a valid octal literal because it only contains digits from 0 to 7. There will be no "SyntaxError: invalid token" in this case.
To avoid the "SyntaxError: invalid token" when working with numbers that start with a zero, follow these solutions:
Use Decimal Literal: If you intend to represent decimal numbers, simply avoid using a leading zero.
Use Explicit Base: If you need to use a specific base, specify it explicitly.
Avoid Invalid Digits in Octal Literals: If you intentionally want to use an octal literal, ensure that it contains valid digits (0 to 7).
Understanding the behavior of leading zeros in Python numeric literals is crucial to avoid the "SyntaxError: invalid token" related to octal literals. By following the provided solutions, you can handle numbers starting with zero appropriately and prevent this error in your Python code.
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