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Electron Double Slits & Interpretation Of Quantum Mechanics| DIFFRACTION & INTERFERENCE | Physics 12 | Federal Board | National Book Foundation
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In this lecture, we explore the Electron Double Slit Experiment and the different interpretations of quantum mechanics it has inspired. This experiment reveals the wave-particle duality of matter and challenges our classical understanding of physics.

Two major interpretations are discussed:

🔹 Copenhagen Interpretation
Proposed by Niels Bohr and Werner Heisenberg in the 1920s, this is one of the most well-known interpretations of quantum mechanics. It emphasizes that before observation, an electron does not have a definite position or momentum — it exists in a superposition of all possible states.

Before detection, the electron behaves like a wave and goes through both slits simultaneously.

When it is observed (measured), the wave function collapses, and the electron appears at a definite position, showing particle-like behavior.

The interference pattern on the screen is created by the probability distribution of where electrons might be detected. Bright fringes form in high-probability regions, and dark fringes where probability is low.


Criticisms of this interpretation include:

The collapse of the wave function seems arbitrary and not fully explained.

It doesn’t clarify what happens to the other possibilities in the superposition.


🔹 Many-Worlds Interpretation
Proposed by Hugh Everett III in 1957, this theory suggests that every quantum interaction splits the universe into multiple realities, one for each possible outcome.

The electron is in a superposition and passes through both slits in all the parallel worlds.

In each world, the electron hits a specific location on the detector, showing particle-like behavior.

The overall interference pattern arises from all these parallel universes. While we see only one result, the pattern indicates the presence of other worlds.


Criticisms of the Many-Worlds theory include:

The concept of multiple universes is hard to test.

It lacks a clear explanation of how a definite state appears in measurement.


This experiment remains one of the most profound in physics, and both interpretations offer valuable — though incomplete — attempts to explain the strange world of quantum systems.

🔍 Watch till the end to understand both interpretations clearly, with diagrams and step-by-step explanations.
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