AIIMS&NEET BIOLOGY &CSIR-NET LIFESCIENCES-Recombinant Dna Technology

[23/09, 05:15] Dr.Bobby Korah@Nacw Edtech Healthcare: There are many methods used in biology, including laboratory techniques, statistical methods, and systems biology methods: 


Laboratory techniques

These include gene knockout, immunostaining, and intracellular recording. 

Statistical methods

These are used to analyze large datasets and decode molecular networks and pathways. 

Systems biology methods

These include omics technologies, bioinformatics, and dynamical models. Systems biology methods are used to study cells, tissues, and organ systems as interacting components. They can also be used for drug discovery and development. 

Experimental biology methods

These include molecular, biochemical, biophysical, microscopical, and microbiological methods. 


There are also books that provide detailed instructions on biological research methods and techniques. These books can be useful for biologists at all levels, from undergraduates to experienced researchers. 

 
[23/09, 07:32] Dr.Bobby Korah@Nacw Edtech Healthcare: [23/09, 05:18] Dr.Bobby Korah@Nacw Edtech Healthcare: Recombinant DNA technology is a set of methods used to combine DNA from different sources to create new sequences. Some of the methods used in recombinant DNA technology include: 

Restriction nucleases

These enzymes cleave DNA at specific sites, making it easier to isolate and manipulate individual genes. 

Cloning vectors

These DNA molecules can replicate independently in a host cell, allowing a DNA fragment of interest to be inserted into them. 


Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

This technique amplifies specific regions of DNA in a sample, and can produce billions of copies of a single DNA molecule in a few hours. 

Nucleic acid hybridization

This method allows for the accurate identification of specific DNA or RNA sequences. 


DNA sequencing

This technique allows for the identification of genes and the deduction of the amino acid sequences of the proteins they encode. 

l

Some other steps in recombinant DNA technology include: Isolating genetic material, Joining DNA fragments, Inserting DNA into a host cell, and Selecting and screening the transformed cells. 


Recombinant DNA molecules are sometimes called chimeric DNA because they can be made of material from two different species. 
[23/09, 05:18] Dr.Bobby Korah@Nacw Edtech Healthcare: DNA recombination in molecular biology?

In general recombination (also known as homologous recombination), genetic exchange takes place between a pair of homologous DNA sequences. These are usually located on two copies of the same chromosome, although other types of DNA molecules that share the same nucleotide sequence can also participate.

Recombination is a biological process that involves the exchange of genetic material between organisms or within a chromosome, resulting in new combinations of genes: 


Definition

Recombination is the process of breaking and recombining DNA pieces to create new combinations of alleles. This process can occur during meiosis or mitosis in eukaryotes. 

Types

There are two types of recombination: interchromosomal recombination and intrachromosomal recombination. Interchromosomal recombination occurs when alleles on different chromosomes are independently assorted, while intrachromosomal recombination occurs when crossing over takes place. 


Results

Recombination creates genetic diversity by scrambling pieces of maternal and paternal genes, which ensures that genes assort independently. This process can lead to offspring with combinations of traits that differ from those of either parent.

For example, a Labradoodle inherits one set of chromosomes from a Labrador Retriever and one set from a Poodle. The specific pattern of their coat depends on which traits are dominant.