Adopting | Adapting | Developing Measuring Instrument

In this lesson, I have discussed about adopting, adapting and developing measuring instruments for the concepts or the variables in the research.
Adopting Research Instrument
Research Objectives: Ensure that the instruments align with the research objectives.
Reliability: Consistently produces the same results under stable conditions. Internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and inter-rater reliability, based on the nature of instrument.
Validity: The extent to which the instrument measures what it is intended to measure.
Consider content validity, construct validity, and criterion-related validity.
Population: Appropriate for the target population. Some instruments may not be culturally or contextually relevant for certain groups.
Adapting Research Instrument
If an instrument is not appropriate in your study, We need to adapt.
The researcher adds items, removes items, and/or substantially changes the content of each item.
Thus, the reliability and validity evidence will not apply to your study.
Developing Research Instrument
Steps in developing research instrument
Definition of the concept that is to be measured
Identification of the components of the concept
Specification of observable and measurable items (indicators or proxy variables) that represent the components of the concept
Selection of the appropriate scales to measure the items
Combination of the items into a composite scale  Instrument which in turn serves as a means of measuring the concept
Administering the scale to a sample and assessing respondent understanding
Confirming scale reliability and validity and revising the scale as needed