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The Last Great Mughal! ⚔️ In this mindmap video for UPSC CSE, we dissect the massive and controversial reign of Aurangzeb (1658–1707). He ruled for nearly 50 years, expanding the empire to its greatest extent, but also sowing the seeds of its collapse.

We decode his **Religious Policies**, the **Deccan Ulcer**, the conflict with **Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj**, and the execution of **Guru Tegh Bahadur**.



⚔️ *Video Mindmap: Aurangzeb (Alamgir)*

► *1. The Orthodox Ruler*
• *Titles:* "Alamgir" (Conqueror of the World) and "Zinda Pir" (Living Saint) due to his simple lifestyle.
• *Moral Police:* Appointed *Muhtasibs* to enforce public morality.
• *Bans:* Banned Sati, music at court (though he was a Veena player), Jharokha Darshan, and Tuladan.

► *2. Religious Policy (The Shift)*
• *Jizya:* Re-imposed *Jizya* on non-Muslims in *1679* (abolished by Akbar).
• *Temple Destruction:* Ordered the destruction of temples (e.g., Kashi Vishwanath, Mathura) during rebellions.

► *3. The Maratha Conflict (High Yield)*
• *Shivaji Maharaj:* The rise of Maratha power.
• *Treaty of Purandar (1665):* Signed between *Raja Jai Singh* (representing Aurangzeb) and Shivaji Maharaj. Shivaji ceded 23 forts.
• *Sambhaji:* Executed by Aurangzeb in 1689.

► *4. The "Deccan Ulcer"*
• Aurangzeb spent the last 25 years of his life in the Deccan fighting Marathas.
• *Annexations:*
• *Bijapur* (1686) - Adil Shahi dynasty ended.
• *Golconda* (1687) - Qutb Shahi dynasty ended.
• *Impact:* Drained the royal treasury and neglected North India.

► *5. Rebellions & Sikh Relations*
• *Jats (Gokla), Satnamis, and Bundelas* rebelled.
• *Guru Tegh Bahadur:* The 9th Sikh Guru was executed in Delhi (1675) for protecting the rights of Kashmiri Brahmins.
• *Guru Gobind Singh:* Formed the *Khalsa* (1699) to resist Mughal oppression.

This video concludes our Great Mughals series!

🔔 *Subscribe* for the next series on The Later Mughals & The Rise of British Power!

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