Скачать или смотреть Papaya- "Inside a Papaya: Fascinating Science of Seeds and Fruit Layers!"

Carica papaya L.
Family: Caricaceae
Botanical type: Berry

It develops from a single ovary of a superior, unilocular Syncarpous gynoecium (3–5 fused carpels).
The entire ovary wall ripens into an edible pericarp, making it a simple, fleshy, and indehiscent fruit.

Ovary = Ovary wall + Ovules
After fertilization:
Ovary wall → Fruit wall (pericarp)
Ovules → Seeds

🔶 Pericarp Layers (Fruit Wall)
After fertilization, the ovary wall transforms into the pericarp, which has three layers:
Pericarp = Exocarp + Mesocarp + Endocarp
Exocarp:
Outer skin of the papaya
Smooth, thin, initially green (chlorophyll) → turns yellow or orange on ripening (due to carotenoids).
Protective layer

Mesocarp:
Thick, fleshy, and edible part of the fruit
Contains sugars, carotenoids (beta-carotene), and water
Major contributor to fruit’s flavor, color, and texture

Endocarp:
Innermost layer of the pericarp
In papaya, it is not clearly distinct from mesocarp and remains soft/fleshy
Covers the seed cavity

🔶 Seeds
Arise from fertilized ovules
Numerous, black or brown, embedded in gelatinous coating
Surrounded by aril-like structure (in some cultivars)
Located in central cavity (parietal placentation).Placentation refers to the arrangement of ovules within the ovary (the female part of the flower).

When ovules are attached to the inner wall (periphery) of a unilocular ovary, it is called Parietal placentation.But sometimes, these placental tissues grow or project inwards into the ovary cavity, creating ridges or false partitions.

Gynoecium
└── Ovary (lowest part)
├── Ovary wall (forms pericarp in fruit)
├── Placenta (tissue where ovules attach)
└── Ovules (form seeds)

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