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Risking Death For Nepal's Hallucinogenic 'Mad Honey'


Nepal's mad honey, also known as red honey or grayanotoxin honey, is a rare and unique variety of honey produced by Himalayan giant honey bees (Apis laboriosa). These bees collect nectar from rhododendron flowers, which contain grayanotoxins, a psychoactive compound responsible for the honey's distinctive effects. The honey is dark reddish in color and has a bitter-sweet taste.

Harvesting Process
Mad honey harvesting is a perilous tradition carried out by the Gurung people in Nepal. Honey hunters scale steep cliffs using rope ladders to reach bee hives located at elevations between 1,200 and 4,000 meters. The process involves smoking out the bees to safely collect the honey. This practice occurs twice a year, in spring and autumn, and has been passed down for centuries.

Effects and Uses
Mad honey is prized for its medicinal and recreational properties. In small doses, it induces mild euphoria, relaxation, and lightheadedness. However, higher doses can lead to hallucinations, vomiting, temporary paralysis, seizures, or even death in rare cases. Traditionally, it has been used to treat gastrointestinal issues, arthritis, and improve sexual function, although scientific evidence for these benefits remains limited.

Cultural and Economic Significance
Mad honey is deeply rooted in Nepalese culture and attracts adventurous travelers who wish to witness the traditional harvesting process. It is also highly valued globally for its psychoactive qualities, selling for up to 10,000 INR per kilogram. However, the practice faces challenges due to climate change, deforestation, overharvesting, and declining bee populations.

Historical Context
Mad honey has historical significance dating back to Ancient Greece. It was famously used as a biological weapon by King Mithridates in 65 BCE against Roman soldiers. Today, it continues to symbolize Nepal’s enduring traditions while raising concerns about sustainable harvesting practices.

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