Скачать или смотреть Reactions of chiral molecules | Pharmaceutical organic chemistry | SNS Institutions

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Chiral molecules are molecules that cannot be superimposed on their mirror images, much like how a left hand is not superimposable on a right hand.

Characteristics of Chiral Molecules
1. *Enantiomers*: Chiral molecules exist as pairs of enantiomers (non-superimposable mirror images).
2. *Stereocenters*: Chiral centers or stereocenters are atoms (usually carbon) with four different groups attached.

Reactions of Chiral Molecules
1. *Stereoselective reactions*: Reactions that preferentially form one stereoisomer over others.
2. *Stereospecific reactions*: Reactions where the stereochemistry of the reactant determines the stereochemistry of the product.
3. *Asymmetric synthesis*: Synthesis of chiral molecules with a preference for one enantiomer.

Examples of Reactions
1. *SN2 reactions*: Stereospecific nucleophilic substitution with inversion of configuration.
2. *Hydrogenation*: Asymmetric hydrogenation using chiral catalysts to produce enantiomerically enriched products.
3. *Epoxidation*: Asymmetric epoxidation of alkenes using chiral catalysts.

Concepts
1. *R/S configuration*: Describing the absolute configuration of chiral centers.
2. *Enantiomeric excess (ee)*: Measure of the excess of one enantiomer over the other.

Applications
1. *Pharmaceuticals*: Many drugs are chiral; enantiomers can have different biological activities.
2. *Organic synthesis*: Chiral molecules are synthesized for various applications, including pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals.

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