Скачать или смотреть TROLLS ARE REAL! The ancient roots of the Troll myth

In this video, I explain how most of us are related to trolls, or at least how we are genetically connected to the origin myth of trolls. Though mind you: This should be considered a hypothesis based on recent DNA evidence and the early history of Northern Scandinavia.


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Viking Greetings and Skål!

I didn't mention it in the video, but the two genes for light pigmentation (fair skin), which the late Scandinavian Hunter-Gatherers (SHG) had - and the Indo-Europeans (IE) did not - made it an advantage to survive and thrive this far north, because of Vitamin D deficiency. And this also fits in with the SHG genetic bottleneck that is possible to trace in the early Bronze Age. The SHG must have migrated northwards into the mountains and darkness in dire times and south again in better times, and it wasn't until the IE populations (and the farmers) mixed with the SHG that they too were able to survive and get along well in Scandinavia, becoming our common, distant ancestors.

Another point worth mentioning are the two time periods with huge climate crisis and plague: The Late Bronze Age Collapse 3.000 years ago and the devastating 6th century 1.500 years ago, when both memories and traditions were stirred up, so many peoples and cultures died, language changed (Grimm's and Verner's laws and the later Elder to Younger Futhark), followed by new trading routes, migrations and new powers rising. With this in mind, it's a miracle our ancestors could remember anything at all from these ancient giants.

So could our earliest written sources and mythical stories about love and war - and a lot of cunningness and trickery - between the Jotuns and (non-deified) Norse Gods have any historical truth, going back 2.500-4.500 years and blended in with Indo-European myths?


Some famous Jotuns:
Skaði https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ska%C3%B0i
Fornjót https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fornj%C...
Ægir https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86gir
Gerðr https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ger%C3%B0r
Bestla https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bestla
Angrboða https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angrbo%...
Útgarða-Loki https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9At...
Þrymr https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Erymr
Surtr https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surtr
Starkad https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starkad
Hyrrokkin https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyrrokkin
And Loke https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loki


Sources and further reading:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jötunn
List of jötnar in Norse mythology https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of...
Gylfi: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gylfi
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Æsir–Va...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germani...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_...

Etymology: https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Recons...
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/jätte-

Trollhunter movie: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trollhu...

Völuspá: http://www.voluspa.org/voluspaintro.htm
Prose Edda: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prose_Edda
The Saga of Hervör and Heithrek: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hervara...
translation: http://www.germanicmythology.com/FORN...


DNA papers, news stories and other publications:

Genomic data suggest two main migrations into Scandinavia after the last ice age: https://www.eurekalert.org/news-relea...

Long-Distance Travel and Trading in the Bronze Age: The East Mediterranean-Scandinavia Case: https://www.researchgate.net/publicat...

The Beaker Phenomenon and the Genomic Transformation of Northwest Europe: https://www.nature.com/articles/natur...

The genomic history of the Iberian Peninsula over the past 8000 years: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/s...

Massive migration from the steppe was a source for Indo-European languages in Europe: https://www.nature.com/articles/natur...

Ancient human genome-wide data from a 3000-year interval in the Caucasus corresponds with eco-geographic regions: https://www.nature.com/articles/s4146...

Arctic hunter-gatherers were advanced ironworkers more than 2,000 years ago: https://www.sciencenews.org/article/a...

Moving metals IV: Swords, metal sources and trade networks in Bronze Age Europe https://www.sciencedirect.com/science...

Ancient Mediterraneans in Scandinavia; Bronze Age Trade: https://novoscriptorium.com/2019/02/2...