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Should I learn C or Fortran?

Fortran is old. There's a Fortran 77 version.

What is the 77 version? Some lucky edition or version 7.7?

No. It was the version of Fortran that came out in 1977.

That makes it older than almost any student learning it.

That makes it older than a lot of computer science instructors, these days.

C is old, too.

C is one of the widest used programming languages ever in existence. C is still being built upon and evolved.

Yeah. Every generation, they add a plus sign.

Learning C teaches you a lot about the related languages. C+ and C++ are similar to Objective C. Even D borrows from it.

Objective C only matters because it is what they use to program the iPhone.

With a billion or so iOS devices, you know there's a good demand for that.

Is C related to C#?

C# is the C language on a dot net framework. And unlike ASP of ASP.NET fame, C is still in use.

I heard someone tell me that I should learn Fortran for mathematical modeling.

Haskell does that, too. Then again, you could learn Mathematica or Maple for mathematical modeling.

*Fortran is supposed to be good at handling matrices.

Mathcad can do that, too, and unlike Fortran, it is used by millions of freshmen every year to figure out their Calculus homework.

Fortran handles datatypes like vectors that C can't.

The Rcpp package was invented specifically to solve that problem. And unlike Fortran, there is still a large and up to date library of functions for every other problem you'll run across.

You don't think I should learn Fortran.

You should learn about Fortran in your history of computer science course. But you'd be better served learning the C programming language.