Ancient Greek Comedy: History, Structure, Aristophanes and Menander

The origin of Ancient Greek comedy has been lost to time, however, we know from pottery depicting men as actors dressing up in wild costumes that it was a firmly established genre by the 6th century BCE. Ancient Greek comedy can be split into three distinct categories, Old Comedy, Middle Comedy (which has been mostly lost to us), and New Comedy, and would poke fun at contemporary issues, politicians, philosophers, and fellow poets and artists.

Old comedy refers to comedy written in the 5th century BCE, and the earliest comedy that has survived to us today is Aristophanes’ Acharnians which was originally performed in 425 BCE. Old Comedy was deeply engaged in the political situation of the time they were composed, but it incorporated fantastical elements like giant creatures and actors jumping across huge geographical distances. In the late fourth century and into the early third century BCE, a new style of comedy arrived, which has been called New Comedy. Some scholars suggest an intermediary category called Middle Comedy, which was less about political themes and more concerned with mythological parodies but no full texts survive from this time. We know a bit more about the writers of New Comedy, including Philemon who wrote 97 plays, Diphilus who wrote around 100 plays and Philippides. However, Menander, who wrote around 100 plays, is considered to be the greatest poet of New Comedy, even though Philemon actually won more festivals than Menander!

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— CHAPTERS —
0:00​ Introduction
0:37 Origins of Greek Theatre and Comedy
2:08 Structure of a Comedy Play
4:23 Old Comedy and Aristophanes
5:41 New Comedy and Menander
7:55 Outro

— WANT TO KNOW MORE? —
Ancient Greek Comedy https://worldhistory.org/Greek_Comedy/
Ancient Greek Theatre https://worldhistory.org/Greek_Theatre/
Ancient Greek Tragedy https://worldhistory.org/Greek_Tragedy/
Aristophanes https://worldhistory.org/Aristophanes/
The Wasps https://worldhistory.org/The_Wasps/
The Plays of Cratinus https://worldhistory.org/article/794/...

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