This is the view from the hills to the north of the "Cement works" in the Ribble Valley, at Clitheroe, Lancashire, England. Recorded on time-lapse in February, 2005.
The chimney on the right has since been demolished. But the chimney on the left, "Kiln 7", is now permitted to replace all of the coal it used burn, with wastes-- chemical wastes, tars, tyres, animal wastes, and Lancashire County Council's wastes, as "fuel".
In addition, it is permitted to substitute the rock quarried on site, with solid wastes eg.construction waste, solid waste from industrial filtration, sand casting waste, contaminated with metals, etc etc.
This kiln is now owned by Heidelberg Cement, via Hanson. According to its previous owners, this kiln has had problems with failure to disperse the emissions from the stack ever since it was built, in the 1980's.
In both 1995, and again in 1997, the British Government's own Environment Select Committee report, stated that no waste must be burned in the cement kilns in Clitheroe, simply because of the inadequate dispersion of the chimney emissions. They concluded this was caused by the combination of the unique local weather , and the topography. There are hills much higher than the top of the chimney on three sides, and this valley is frquently covered in low cloud, which acts like a blanket holding in the emissions.
When proposing to construct a "scrubber" to take out the sulphur content, Castle Cement themselves admitted that it would still result in breaches of the Air Quality standard for sulphur dioxide, in low wind speeds, in at least one location. This was at low wind speeds. They did not admit to the pollution levels when there was no wind. Nor for the levels of other pollutants.
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