Скачать или смотреть India’s Foreign Policy 1947–2025 | From Nehru to Modi | From Panchsheel & NAM to Realism

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In this masterclass, we trace India’s foreign policy from independence to 2025—starting with Panchsheel and Non-Alignment (NAM), the shock of 1962, the realist turn under Indira Gandhi, the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War and Shimla Agreement, the 1991 watershed and rise of geo-economics, the post-9/11 strategic shift with the US, the Galwan (2020) inflection, and today’s multi-alignment across Quad and BRICS/SCO.
We also unpack contemporary debates: India–US FTA talks, GM crops & ethanol blending, and balancing among China–Russia–US—perfect for UPSC / PSIR / GS-II / IR prep.

What you’ll learn:
➡️ What is foreign policy? How national interest spans territorial, human, and economic security—and why these sometimes conflict
➡️ Panchsheel (1954) & NAM (1961) foundations → the road to the 1962 Sino-India War
➡️ Realism under Indira: self-help, 1971 victory & Shimla (1972), and Pakistan’s “bleed India through a thousand cuts” strategy (incl. Kargil 1999)
➡️ 1991 as a turning point: USSR collapse, LPG reforms, and the surge of cross-border terrorism; India’s CCIT push at the UN
➡️ Post-2001: why India–US ties deepened strategically; China’s rise; Major Defense Partner path; Galwan (2020)
➡️ 2025 lens: FTA bargaining, GM crops vs. health/biodiversity, and the logic of multi-alignment

00:00 Intro
00:27 What is Foreign Policy? National Interest (Territorial/Human/Economic)
06:00 Nehru era: Panchsheel & NAM
18:10 Aksai Chin & the run-up to the 1962 Sino-India War
26:05 1947–48 & 1965 India–Pakistan wars (Akhnoor, Tashkent context)
33:00 Indira’s Realism: self-help doctrine
34:20 1971 War & Bangladesh Liberation (USSR treaty; China/US calculus)
39:28 Shimla Agreement (1972) → LoC & bilateralism
41:00 Pakistan’s “thousand cuts” strategy; rise of cross-border terrorism
41:52 Kargil 1999 (de-facto 4th war)
42:58 Rajiv Gandhi; continuity & context
43:44 1991 Watershed: USSR collapse, LPG reforms, re-balancing
46:18 1990s–2001: Kashmir insurgency; Afghanistan–Pakistan–US dynamics
55:06 India’s CCIT proposal at the UN (terror definition challenge)
56:18 9/11 → US in Afghanistan/Iraq; Asia-Pacific vacuum; China’s probes (SCS/ECS)
1:06:26 India–US: Cold War (distance) → ’90s (economic) → post-2001 (strategic) → Major Defense Partner
1:10:02 2015–2025: Multi-alignment in action—Quad/I2U2 with BRICS/SCO
1:11:00 FTA & GM/ethanol: trade politics vs. health/biodiversity
1:16:08 1974 Smiling Buddha, IGMDP (Agni/Prithvi/Akash/Trishul/Nag) recap
1:17:24 Exam takeaways & what to track in current affairs
1:18:17 Closing

Key Takeaways
● Post-1962, India’s strategic culture pivots from idealism to realism
● 1971 restored credibility and entrenched bilateralism (Shimla)
● 1991 put geo-economics at the core of foreign policy
● Post-9/11: India–US strategic convergence grows amid China’s rise
● Today: Multi-alignment = autonomy + hedging (Quad & BRICS/SCO together)
● New arenas: trade, tech, and standards (FTA, GM, energy blends, defense tech)

For Students (UPSC/APSC)
● Build a timeline + causality chain: 1954 → 1962 → 1971 → 1991 → 2001 → 2020 → 2025
● Must-use terms: Panchsheel, NAM, Realism, Bilateralism, CCIT, Major Defense Partner, Multi-alignment
● Case points for answers: 1971 Treaty, Shimla 1972, 1991 reforms, post-9/11 shifts, Galwan 2020
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