A recording of a piece entitled "Ben Gong Pozi"《本宫破子》("Broaching" piece in the same mode), whose melody appears, in suzi notation (Chinese: suzi pu, 俗字谱), in "Shilin Guangji"《事林广记》, a work that is believed to have been written by Chen Yuanjing (陈元靓) in the late Southern Song Dynasty (c. 1266 or c. 1269), although the oldest surviving edition dates to the year 1332, during the Yuan Dynasty.
As it appears in the final section of "Shilin Guangji," "Ben Gong Pozi" is the fourth of seven pieces that were probably intended to be performed together as a suite (Chinese: taoqu, 套曲) in the Huangzhong mode (Chinese: Huangzhong Gong, 黄钟宫, equivalent to Fa of C, or Lydian on C), which was popularly called Zheng Gong (正宫), hence it is generally named after the title given in the first two movements of the suite, as follows: "Yuan Cheng Shuang: Ben Gong Pozi"《愿成双·本宫破子》(Willing to Become a Pair: "Broaching" piece in the same mode). As musicologist Rulan Chao Pian points out, however, in this score the symbol for F is used instead of the symbol for F-sharp, which makes this scale a Do scale (i.e., Ionian on C) rather than a Fa scale (i.e., Lydian on C). According to Pian, this may be because "at the time when this music was written, though in theory the basic scale was a fa scale, in practice it was a do scale" (Pian 1967, p. 130). She also notes that this piece and the one that follows it (entitled "Zhuan"《赚》) "are modally obscure and have labels of modes not currently in use" (Ibid.). In this recording, for some reason, all the notated Ti notes have been flattened, effectively changing the mode to Sol of B-flat, or Mixolydian on C.
Although lyrics do not appear alongside the notation for these melodies in "Shilin Guangji," someone wishing to sing one of them could, following period practice, select an appropriate set of lyrics in ci (词) or qu (曲) form matching that melody's structure.
Suzi notation (Chinese: suzi pu, 俗字谱, literally "popular character notation"), also known as yanyue banzi pu (Chinese: 燕乐半字谱, literally "banquet music half-character notation"), is a shorthand (cursive) form of gongche notation (Chinese: gongche pu, 工尺谱) whose symbols are based on wind instrument fingerings, which is believed to have originated in the Tang Dynasty for use in yanyue (燕乐, court banquet music), and which was used in scores of secular music dating to the Song, Yuan, and Ming dynasties.
In the music of the Tang and Song dynasties, a po (破, "broaching") movement is a kind of development section that often follows a prelude called xu (序).
The reconstruction heard here was prepared c. 2020 by the Beijing-based Chinese musician Zhao Yue (赵越), who specializes in the reconstruction and performance of music of the Song Dynasty, both secular and ceremonial. It is sung using reconstructed Song-era Middle Chinese pronunciation and accompanied by period instruments. The leading musicians in this recording are Li Jinshuo (李金硕) and Yu Yuan (余愿), and the recording was probably made in a recording studio in Beijing, China.
Note that neither meter nor note values are indicated in the suzi notation, this rhythmic ambiguity posing a challenge for modern performers, but also providing some degree of flexibility.
Captions from the original video:
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宋元文献拟态音乐：
《愿成双》套曲
3《本宫破子》
领奏:
李金硕 余愿
Bibliography:
● Pian, Rulan Chao. Sonq Dynasty Musical Sources and Their Interpretation. Harvard-Yenching Institute Monograph Series, no. 16. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1967.
愿成双宋元文献拟态音乐3本宫破子
Original score (on p. 112):
https://archive.org/details/02098000....
More information:
https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1nK4...
http://tvguide.cctv.com/tvguide/tvcom...
http://earlychinesemusic.blogspot.com...
Zhao Yue's Bilibili channel:
https://space.bilibili.com/29986363/
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