Скачать или смотреть Wheat (Economic Botany) for HTET/KVS/NVS/DSSSB

🌾 WHEAT
(Triticum aestivum)
🔹 Origin of Wheat
Wheat originated in the Fertile Crescent region of South-West Asia, which includes parts of modern-day Iraq, Syria, Turkey and Iran. Archaeological evidence suggests that wheat was domesticated around 10,000 years ago during the Neolithic period.
The earliest cultivated forms were diploid and tetraploid wheats, which later gave rise to hexaploid bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) through natural hybridization and polyploidy. From its center of origin, wheat spread to Europe, Asia, and Africa, and later to the Americas and Australia.
N. I. Vavilov identified South-West Asia as the primary center of origin of wheat.
🔹 General Features of Wheat
1. Botanical Position
Family: Poaceae (Gramineae)
Genus: Triticum
Species: Triticum aestivum
Common name: Bread wheat
2. Habit
Wheat is an annual herbaceous plant.
It is mainly cultivated as a Rabi crop in India.
3. Root System
Fibrous root system.
Adventitious roots arise from the basal nodes of the stem.
4. Stem (Culm)
Erect, cylindrical, and hollow internodes.
Nodes are solid and prominent.
5. Leaves
Long, narrow, linear leaves with parallel venation.
Each leaf consists of:
Leaf sheath
Ligule
Auricles
Leaf blade
6. Inflorescence
Inflorescence is a spike (ear of wheat).
Spikelets are arranged alternately on the rachis.
Each spikelet contains 2–5 florets.
7. Flower
Flowers are small, sessile and bisexual.
Perianth is represented by lodicules.
Three stamens and one pistil with feathery stigmas.
8. Pollination
Wheat is mainly self-pollinated (autogamous).
Wind helps in pollen transfer (anemophily).
9. Fruit
Fruit is a caryopsis.
Pericarp is fused with seed coat.
10. Seed
Endosperm is rich in starch and proteins (gluten).
Gluten provides elasticity to dough, making wheat ideal for bread making.
🔹 Economic Importance (One-Line for Exams)
Wheat is one of the most important cereal crops of the world, serving as a major source of carbohydrates and proteins for human nutrition.
🔖 Exam Tips (Very Important)
Origin: South-West Asia (Fertile Crescent)
Inflorescence: Spike
Fruit: Caryopsis
Pollination: Self-pollinated
Protein: Gluten
#htetpgtbiology #kvstgtpgt #nvs #teaching #jobexampreparation #kvstier2 #emrstier2 #uppgt #rpscbiology #bscbotany #mscbotany #botany #economicimportance #economicbotany #etnobotanica #gatexl