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Pushpak 'Viman' lands successfully II प्रक्षेपण यान 'पुष्पक' का सफल परीक्षण

Pushpak 'Viman' lands successfully II प्रक्षेपण यान 'पुष्पक' का सफल परीक्षण

ISRO Successfully conducted the Pushpak Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV) LEX 02 Landing Experiment
The Indian Space Research Organisation (Isro) on 22 March 2024 successfully conducted the RLV LEX-02 landing experiment, in a significant demonstration of competence in the Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV) technology.
The second in the series of landing experiments with the vehicle was conducted at the Aeronautical Test Range (ATR) in Chitradurga.
Pushpak (RLV-TD), the winged vehicle, landed autonomously with precision on the runway after being released from an off-nominal position.

ISRO’s Reusable Launch Vehicle
Hypersonic flight (HEX)
Autonomous landing (LEX)
Return flight experiment (REX)
Scramjet Propulsion Experiment (SPEX)
Powered cruise flight
First experiment was conducted successfully by ISRO on 23 May 2016, on the RLV-TD (HEX) mission
The RLV LEX test on 2 April 2023 involved a Chinook Helicopter of the Indian Air Force lifting the RLV LEX to a height of 4.5 km.

Enhanced capabilities
The RLV LEX-01 experiment was conducted at the Chitradurga ATR in April 2023. Drawing on the results of the first experiment, Isro strengthened the vehicle’s airframe structure and landing gear to tolerate higher landing loads. The winged body and all flight systems used in RLV LEX-01 were reused in 22 March 2024 mission after due clearances, thereby demonstrating the reuse capability of the flight hardware and systems.
The mission had as collaborators various agencies including IAF, ADE, ADRDE and CEMILAC. Isro Chairman S Somanath congratulated the team for the “flawless execution” of the mission. VSSC Director S Unnikrishnan Nair said the repeated success meant that Isro could master the terminal phase manoeuvring, landing and energy management in a fully autonomous mode which is critical to future orbital re-entry missions.

What are its advantages?
Reusable launch vehicle is considered a low-cost, reliable, and on-demand mode of accessing space.
Nearly 80 to 87 percent of the cost in a space launch vehicle goes into the structure of the vehicle.
By using RLVs the cost of a launch can be reduced by nearly 80 percent of the present cost

How advanced are RLV technologies globally?
Reusable space vehicles have been in existence for a long time with NASA space shuttles carrying out dozens of human space flight missions.
Space X demonstrating partially reusable launch systems with its Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy rockets since 2017.
SpaceX is also working on a fully reusable launch vehicle system called Starship.
Several private launch service providers and government space agencies are working on developing reusable launch systems in the world alongside ISRO.

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