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🚨 Antibiotics That Don’t Work Against Certain Organisms! 🚨

Not all antibiotics are effective against all bacteria! Here are some important exceptions you must remember:

🔹 ❌ β-lactams (Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Carbapenems) do NOT work against Mycoplasma
✅ Why? Mycoplasma lacks a cell wall, and β-lactams target cell wall synthesis.

🔹 ❌ Vancomycin does NOT work against Pseudomonas
✅ Why? Pseudomonas has an intrinsically resistant outer membrane, preventing vancomycin from reaching its target.

🔹 ❌ Cephalosporins (except 5th gen) do NOT work against MRSA
✅ Why? MRSA has an altered penicillin-binding protein (PBP2a) that resists most β-lactams. Only Ceftaroline (5th gen cephalosporin) is effective.

🔹 ❌ Aminoglycosides do NOT work against Anaerobes & Salmonella
✅ Why for Anaerobes? Aminoglycosides need oxygen-dependent transport into bacterial cells, which anaerobes lack.
✅ Why for Salmonella? Intracellular Salmonella can evade aminoglycosides due to poor intracellular penetration.

💡 Clinical Relevance: Knowing these exceptions helps prevent treatment failures and guides better antibiotic choices!

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