Are smokers self medicating for ADHD

Are smokers self medicating for ADHD?


Yes, the research strongly suggests that individuals with ADHD are more likely to self-medicate with cigarettes and nicotine compared to those without ADHD.

The "self-medication hypothesis" proposes that people with ADHD may smoke or use nicotine to temporarily alleviate their ADHD symptoms like inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Nicotine provides a short-term dopamine release that can improve focus and concentration.

Studies have found that nicotine can have cognitive-enhancing effects and improve attentional performance, working memory, and inhibitory control in those with ADHD. This may reinforce the self-medicating behavior.

Nicotine acts as a stimulant on the brain's dopamine and norepinephrine systems, which are involved in attention, focus, and executive functioning. Nicotine provides an immediate dopamine release, which can temporarily improve focus and concentration. This may explain why some individuals with ADHD self-medicate with nicotine to improve concentration and reduce hyperactivity/impulsivity.

Participants described using nicotine to improve concentration, reduce hyperactive behavior, and increase alertness and focus - effects they did not realize were due to undiagnosed ADHD at the time.

However, prolonged nicotine use can lead to dependence and withdrawal symptoms that may worsen ADHD symptoms like restlessness, irritability, and difficulty concentrating. Individuals with ADHD may experience more severe and longer-lasting nicotine withdrawal compared to those without ADHD.

When attempting to quit smoking, individuals with ADHD experience more severe withdrawal symptoms like worsening of ADHD symptoms, intense cravings, and higher relapse rates.


The most commonly prescribed medications for treating ADHD are stimulant drugs. The popular stimulant medications include: Methylphenidate, Ritalin, Concerta, Metadate, Methylin, Quillivant. Methylphenidate is the most widely used stimulant for ADHD treatment. It comes in various forms like tablets, capsules, liquids, and patches.

So, if you suspect ADHD, go see a doctor to get yourself medicated for ADHD. It may help you to finally quit smoking for good.


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