Around 3 million years ago, during the Pliocene epoch, the Earth was home to one of the most famous early human ancestors: Australopithecus afarensis. This species represents a key chapter in the story of human evolution.
🌱 Environment
Africa’s landscape was changing – forests were shrinking and open grasslands were spreading.
Australopithecus afarensis adapted to a mixed environment, living both on the ground and in the trees.
👣 Physical Features
They stood about 3.5 to 5 feet tall.
Their brains were smaller than modern humans (about 400–500 cc).
They walked upright (bipedal) but still had long arms for climbing.
🧑🤝🧑 Life & Survival
They lived in groups, which helped protect them from predators like saber-toothed cats and hyenas.
Their diet included fruits, nuts, seeds, roots, and occasionally small animals.
Tools were not yet advanced, but they used natural objects like sticks or stones to help gather food.
🦴 The Famous Fossil – “Lucy”
Discovered in Ethiopia in 1974, “Lucy” is one of the best-preserved Australopithecus afarensis skeletons.
She showed clear evidence of upright walking, a major evolutionary step.
🌟 Legacy
Australopithecus afarensis represents the bridge between apes and humans. Their ability to survive in shifting climates, adapt to new landscapes, and move upright set the stage for the later rise of Homo habilis and eventually Homo sapiens.
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