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Global Fertility Rates Hit Record Lows, With East Asia at the Epicenter, Says UN Report

A newly released visualization based on the United Nations World Fertility Report 2024 draws attention to a mounting global issue: the dramatic decline in fertility rates. Leading this trend are East Asian regions, with Macau, Hong Kong, and South Korea registering the world’s lowest birth rates.

Macau ranks at the very bottom, reporting a fertility rate of only 0.68 children per woman. Not far behind are Hong Kong and South Korea, each with a rate of 0.73. Taiwan also stands out, with a rate of 0.86, reinforcing the pattern of ultra-low fertility across several advanced East Asian economies.

The top 10 regions with the lowest fertility rates are largely comprised of nations in Asia and Europe. Singapore reports a rate of 0.95, followed by Ukraine at 0.99 and China at 1.01 — all well below the replacement threshold of 2.1 children per woman, the level generally required to sustain population size in the absence of migration.

Further down the list, Malta posts a fertility rate of 1.11, with Thailand at 1.20 and Italy at 1.21. These numbers highlight a growing demographic challenge with far-reaching consequences — from aging populations to labor shortages and economic strain. The findings, sourced from the latest UN report, underscore the urgent need for global policy responses and societal adaptation.