Vasa previa (mechanism of disease)

This is a short flowchart on vasa previa, covering the etiology, pathophysiology, and manifestations.

ADDITIONAL TAGS:
In vitro fertilization
Risk factors / SDOH
Cell / tissue damage
Structural factors
Vasa previa
Medicine / iatrogenic
Infectious / microbial
Biochem / metabolic
Immunology / inflammation
Signs / symptoms
Tests / imaging / labs
Environmental / drugs
Reproductive pathology
Flow physiology
Pathophysiology
Etiology
Manifestations
Vasa previa: fetal vessels are unprotected in the membranes near the internal os of the cervix
Velamentous cord insertion: abnormal insertion of umbilical cord into chorioamniotic membranes where vessels travel without protective Wharton jelly
Multi-lobed placenta: accessory lobe(s) separate from main placental body; vessels connecting lobes are exposed, supported only by membranes
By Sigrid de Rooij - www.vasaprevia.nl, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
Advanced maternal age
Multiparity
Low-lying placenta
Placenta previa
Sudden painless vaginal bleeding
Fetal distress (bradycardia; decelerations or sinusoidal pattern on fetal heart tracings)
Rupture of membranes
Fetal vessels compressed during labor
Asphyxiation
Exsanguination
Fetal death
Transabdominal or transvaginal ultrasound: fetal vessels overlying the internal os
+ color Doppler: ↓ blood flow within fetal vessels
Management:
Emergency cesarean delivery if there are signs of fetal distress
Fetal blood
Pale newborn
Risk factors: