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Antarctica's Blood Falls: Iron-rich saltwater turns red when exposed to oxygen

The Blood Falls, a striking crimson waterfall flowing from Antarctica's Taylor Glacier, showcases one of Earth's most fascinating natural phenomena. Discovered in 1911 by Griffith Taylor, this unique feature results from iron-rich saltwater reacting with oxygen upon exposure. The water, originating from an ancient lake trapped 1.5 million years ago, remains liquid at -19°C due to its extremely high salt content. Perhaps most remarkably, the falls harbor unique bacteria that survive through chemosynthesis in complete darkness, adapting to an environment without oxygen or light by processing sulfate and iron.


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