Nowadays, remoras are typically known to hitchhike on sharks and whales. However, centuries, or even millennia ago, they were known to hold ships in place, causing massive delay, hence their name. The interaction between remoras and their hosts are mostly written as mutualistic, or at least commensalism. What most people didn’t realize is, that claims are usually hypothetical, not supported by empirical data.
Timestamps
0:00 Opening Thought
1:13 Taxonomy and General Information
3:14 Morphology
6:03 Lifestyle and Behaviour
9:22 Interaction
11:20 Evolution
References
Paolo, P. (2021). Checklist of Fishes of the Family Echeneidae. International Journal of Zoological Investigations, 7(2): 566-573. https://doi.org/10.33745/ijzi.2021.v0...
Britz, R., & Johnson, G. D. (2012). Ontogeny and homology of the skeletal elements that form the sucking disc of remoras (Teleostei, Echeneoidei, Echeneidae). Journal of morphology, 273(12), 1353–1366. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.20063
Kenaley, C. P., Stote, A., Ludt, W. B., & Chakrabarty, P. (2019). Comparative Functional and Phylogenomic Analyses of Host Association in the Remoras (Echeneidae), a Family of Hitchhiking Fishes. Integrative organismal biology (Oxford, England), 1(1), obz007. https://doi.org/10.1093/iob/obz007
Flammang, B. E., & Kenaley, C. P. (2017). Remora cranial vein morphology and its functional implications for attachment. Scientific reports, 7(1), 5914. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-06...
Wang, Y., Yang, X., Chen, Y., Wainwright, D. K., Kenaley, C. P., Gong, Z., Liu, Z., Liu, H., Guan, J., Wang, T., Weaver, J. C., Wood, R. J., & Wen, L. (2017). A biorobotic adhesive disc for underwater hitchhiking inspired by the remora suckerfish. Science robotics, 2(10), eaan8072. https://doi.org/10.1126/scirobotics.a...
Gayford J. H. (2024). The multidimensional spectrum of eco-evolutionary relationships between sharks and remoras. Journal of fish biology, 105(1), 4–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.15759
Weihs, D., Fish, F. E., & Nicastro, A. J. (2007). MECHANICS OF REMORA REMOVAL BY DOLPHIN SPINNING. Marine Mammal Science, 23(3): 707-714. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.2...
Friedman, M., Johanson, Z., Harrington, R. C., Near, T. J., & Graham, M. R. (2013). An early fossil remora (Echeneoidea) reveals the evolutionary assembly of the adhesion disc. Proceedings. Biological sciences, 280(1766), 20131200. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.1200
Outro
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