Скачать или смотреть Toxic Mix of Long Ballots & A-Z Rank (Ballot Psychology 3 of 4)

Most people don’t realize how minor graphic design choices can influence voting behavior—and potentially sway entire elections.

This video dives into the psychology of voter decision-making and examines several cases where flawed ballot design distorted results, including one that may have affected the outcome of the 2000 U.S. presidential election.

By the end, you’ll have a clearer understanding of how ballot design impacts democracy—preparing you for the next video on the lethal cocktail of long ballots and alphabetical ordering.

🎥 4-PART VIDEO SERIES:
This series is being released over a week—subscribe to be notified when the next video goes live.

Part 1:    • Ballot Psychology Series on Canada’s Fake ...  
Part 2:    • Design Psychology For Fair Elections (Ball...  
Part 3:    • Toxic Mix of Long Ballots & A-Z Rank (Ball...  
Part 4:    • How CBC Misled the Public on Long Ballot T...  

📊 REPORT BEHIND THIS VIDEO:
This video series provides context for Dr. Cugelman’s report, Evidence of Position Bias in Canadian Long Ballots.
Preprint: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.c...
Data:
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/cugel...

📖 CITATIONS IN SERIES:
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of personality and social psychology, 51(6), 1173.

Beazley, M. B. (2013). Ballot design as fail-safe: An ounce of rotation is worth a pound of litigation. Election Law Journal, 12(1), 18–52.

Blom-Hansen, J., Elklit, J., Serritzlew, S., & Villadsen, L. R. (2016). Ballot position and election results: Evidence from a natural experiment. Electoral Studies, 44, 172-183.

Cugelman, B. (2025 in print). Evidence of Position Bias in Canada’s Long Ballots (preprint 1.0). SSRN.

Erikson, R. S. (1971). The advantage of incumbency in congressional elections. Polity, 3(3), 395–405.

Lau, R. R., & Redlawsk, D. P. (2006). How voters decide: Information processing in election campaigns. Cambridge University Press.

Meredith, M., & Salant, Y. (2013). On the causes and consequences of ballot order effects. Political Behavior, 35(1), 175-197.

Shrestha, S., & Owens, J. W. (2008). Eye movement patterns on single and dual-column web pages. Usability News, 10(1), 0-6.

Shue, K., & Luttmer, E. F. P. (2009). Who misvotes? The effect of differential cognition costs on election outcomes. American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 1(1), 229–257.

Söderlund, P., von Schoultz, Å., & Papageorgiou, A. (2021). Coping with complexity: Ballot position effects in the Finnish open-list proportional representation system. Electoral Studies, 71, 102330.

US Census Bureau. (2021). Frequently Occurring Surnames from the 2010 Census (raw data) [Dataset]. https://www.census.gov/topics/populat...

Wand, J. N., Shotts, K. W., Sekhon, J. S., Mebane Jr, W. R., Herron, M. C., & Brady, H. E. (2001). The butterfly did it: The aberrant vote for Buchanan in Palm Beach County, Florida. American Political Science Review, 95(4), 793–810.

Wood, J., Badawood, D., Dykes, J., & Slingsby, A. (2011). BallotMaps: Detecting name bias in alphabetically ordered ballot papers. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 17(12), 2384–2391.

📖 OTHER SOURCES:
Election poll data: https://338canada.com
Case studies and best practices in ballot design: https://civicdesign.org


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