Скачать или смотреть Conditional / 'If' Clauses

ADVANCED ENGLISH 17: IF CLAUSE / CONDITIONAL CLAUSE A sentence with two parts and two ideas, one part beginning with the word “IF”. When you want to talk about a possible situation and its outcome, normally you need a conditional clause. It makes a theoretical position in which the predicted result might happen in the Present or the Future time or might have happened in the Past. Tenses that are used to make “if Clauses” are the Simple Present, Simple Past and the Past Perfect:
The Principal part is the result of the “If Clause.”

TYPE ZERO refers to some common cause and effect situation. A general truth known to everybody that exists now or existed before.
E.g.
If x = 2, 2x is 4.
If you heat water it boils.
It bleeds if you cut your finger.

Construction
(If + Simple Present) + (Simple Present)

TYPE ONE
This conditional refers to something possible or likely in the future tense. Expected that the condition will be fulfilled, the prediction will come true.
E.g.
If I have time and money, I’ll go to the movie.
If I request her, she will come – I am sure.
She will not be late if the rain stops now.

(If + Subject + present simple) + (Subject + Future Simple)

TYPE 2
Possible, but very unlikely that the condition will be fulfilled, possibility is less strong:.

E.g.
If I found the key, I would send him some money.
If he were the king, he would buy the entire island. (Mark “he were”. If he was only when it is not hypothetical)
We would go for a trip if we had a car.

(If + SUB + Simple Past) + (Sub + would/were + Verb)

TYPE 3
Conditional that discusses things that didn't take place in the past and their hypothetical consequences. It’s impossible now:
E.g.
If I had worked harder, I would have earned enough money. ( but I had not)
If my dad had wished, he would have bought me a car. (But he had not)
Jonny would have become a musician if he had gone to the music school.

( If + Sub + Past perfect) + (Sub + Would have + Verb in Past Participle)

Compare:
a) “If she studies harder, she'll pass the exam” (It's possible she will study harder and so she'll pass).
b) “If she studied harder, she would pass the exam (Expected she won't study harder, or it's very unlikely, and so she won't pass)
c) “If she had studied harder, she would have succeeded” (Now it is past and there is no question of doing better any more.

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