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The first electronic computers were built in the 1940s. The first of these computers, called the Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer (ENIAC), was built during World War II to help calculate artillery firing tables for the United States military. The ENIAC was built by a team of scientists and engineers at the University of Pennsylvania's Moore School of Electrical Engineering and was completed in 1945.

The need for a faster and more efficient way to perform calculations was driven by the military's need to quickly process large amounts of data during the war. The ENIAC was able to perform these calculations much faster than traditional mechanical calculators, and was seen as a significant breakthrough in the field of computing. The development of the ENIAC and other early computers laid the foundation for the modern computer industry.