Скачать или смотреть WHAT HAPPENS WHEN A TANK IS PENETRATED | Spall Cone from Armour Penetration Simulation

The simulation presents the spall cone generated by a 75mm Armour Piercing projectile impacting the side armour of an M4A3 Sherman.

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The eroded elements are converted into particles, with each particle weighing roughly the same as a #7 birdshot pellet. Ones highlighted in red are at a velocity of 300m/s or more, indicating that they are hightly likely to cause injury. The witness plates for the crew are modelled as 2mm thick aluminium.

To make the model efficient, the projectile and tank have been made rigid (apart from the area of impact). Under the impact circumstances (0° impact against medium hardness RHA from a relatively low velocity cannon) the projectile is likely to remain intact and mostly undeformed, so the rigid body assumption is unlikely to affect the simulation results very much.

It should be noted that the element size at the far-side exit point is coarser than the initial impact point, hence the smaller number of higher-mass particles generated. In reality, there would be a distribution of spalling mass, however the simulation will always give particles identical mass as they are based on the element size.