Скачать или смотреть Moderate Phase of INC Explained | Indian Nationalism | UPSC GS History

In this lecture, we explore the foundations of Indian nationalism and the birth of the Indian National Congress (INC), focusing on its first 20 years (1885–1905), popularly known as the Moderate Phase.

Rather than memorising dates and names, this session helps you understand the processes, ideas, and historical forces that shaped India’s freedom struggle — exactly the approach required for UPSC and other competitive examinations.

Key questions addressed in this lecture:

Why is nationalism considered a modern political idea in India?

How did British rule unintentionally create conditions for Indian nationalism?

Was the Indian National Congress a British “Safety Valve” or an Indian initiative?

Why was A.O. Hume involved in the formation of INC?

What were the demands, methods, and limitations of the Moderate leaders?

Were Moderates successful, even though most demands were rejected?

Major themes discussed:

Difference between pre-modern identities and modern political nationalism

Role of railways, press, education, and administration in national integration

Safety Valve Theory vs Nationalist Interpretation

Legislative reforms, civil services reform, separation of powers

Economic critique including Drain of Wealth

Strategy of prayers, petitions, and constitutional methods

Why Moderates should be evaluated for their long-term contributions, not immediate results

A powerful analytical analogy:

The Moderates are compared to opening batsmen in Test cricket —
their role was not aggressive scoring, but facing the new ball, absorbing pressure, and preparing the pitch for future leaders like Gandhi.

Contemporary relevance:

The lecture concludes with a thought-provoking discussion on:

Freedom of the press

Difference between constitutional rights on paper and democratic practice

Why democracy survives not only through laws, but through continuous use and courage

This video is especially useful for:

UPSC Civil Services (GS Paper I – Modern History)

State PSC exams

History Optional students

Learners interested in political history and nationalism

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