Скачать или смотреть British Policies and their Impact on India - ICSE Class 7, History Chapter 7

British colonial policies in India were fundamentally designed to prioritize English economic interests by securing cheap raw materials for British factories and transforming the Indian subcontinent into a vast market for their manufactured goods.

To achieve maximum financial extraction, the British overhauled land ownership through systems like the Mahalwari System, where revenue was settled per village, and the Ryotwari System, which taxed cultivators directly at exorbitant rates - often half of their total produce - leaving them at the mercy of harsh collectors and moneylenders.

These shifts transformed land into a saleable and mortgageable commodity, which destroyed the traditional structure of rural society and gave rise to a new, exploitative class of landlords. Parallel to this agrarian distress was the systematic decline of Indian handicrafts and weavers, who were decimated by the influx of cheap, machine-made British textiles and the imposition of high duties on Indian exports, while British imports remained duty-free.

This economic exploitation was further accelerated by the development of railways, which facilitated the extraction of raw materials and the distribution of British goods, leading to what Dadabhai Naoroji famously termed the "Drain of Wealth" - a process where India’s capital was funneled to England through high taxes, military spending, and civil servant salaries without any return to the Indian people.

Finally, while the British introduced modern western education and established English as the medium of instruction in 1835 to produce a steady supply of cheap clerical labor, this policy unintentionally birthed a new class of reformers and national leaders who utilized western ideologies to revive India's cultural identity and challenge colonial rule.

Other Chapters from ICSE Class 8 History Book:
1. A Period of Transition    • A Period of Transition - ICSE Class 8, His...  
2. The Growth of Nationalism    • The Growth of Nationalism - French Revolut...  
3. The American War of Independence    • American War of Independence, The American...  
4. The American Civil War    • The American Civil War - ICSE Class 8, His...  
5. India in the 18th Century    • India in the 18th Century - ICSE Class 8, ...  
6. Traders to Rulers    • Trade to Rulers -  ICSE Class 8, History C...  
7. British Policies and their Impact : this chapter itself
8. The Great Uprising of 1857    • The Great Indian Uprising of 1857 - ICSE C...  
9. Socio-Religious Reforms    • Socio-Religious Reforms - India's Age of A...  
10. India’s Struggle for Freedom - Phase 1    • India's Struggle for Freedom - Phase 1 - I...  
11. India’s Struggle for Freedom - Phase 2    • India's Struggle for Freedone - Phase 2 - ...  

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