Why Heart Failure Happens & What To Do

Why Heart Failure happens and what are some of the latest treatments.

#heartfailure #whatisheartfailure #heartfailuretreatments

What is Heart Failure:
Heart failure happens when your heart can't pump blood the way it's supposed to.

Heart Failure Symptoms:
shortness of breath (dyspnoea)
tiredness and weakness
swollen feet, ankles, and legs (fluid retention)
loss of appetite (more severe)

Causes of heart failure:
Coronary artery disease
High blood pressure (Hypertension)
Endocrine disorders, e.g. diabetes, hypo/hyperthyroidism, acromegaly, Cushing‟s syndrome, aldosteronism, phaeochromocytoma
Valvular heart disease
Alcohol
Cardiomyopathies
Familial cardiomyopathy
Infections, such as viral myocarditis
Congenital heart disease
Infiltrative conditions, such sarcoidosis, amyloidosis, haemochromatosis
Drugs, such as chemotherapy agents, methamphetamines, cocaine
Nutritional, such as obesity, thiamine deficiency
Chronic arrhythmias, e.g. uncontrolled AF, or bradycardia (complete heart block)

Lifestyle treatments:
Physical activity - start gently with small amounts of regular exercise and build up gradually
Save your energy eg rest for an hour after lunch, sit to do jobs - like preparing food or having a shower
Stop smoking
Maintain a healthy diet
Avoid alcohol
Keep a healthy body weight

References:
1. National Heart Foundation of Australia and Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand: Guidelines for the Prevention, Detection, and Management of Heart Failure in Australia 2018 https://www.heartlungcirc.org/article...
2. Aliti G.B, Rabelo E.R, Clausell N, Rohde L.E, Biolo A, Beck-da-Silva L.
Aggressive fluid and sodium restriction in acute decompensated heart failure: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Intern Med. 2013; 173: 1058-1064 https://www.heartlungcirc.org/servlet...
3. Albert N.M, Nutter B, Forney J, Slifcak E, Tang W.H. A randomized controlled pilot study of outcomes of strict allowance of fluid therapy in hyponatremic heart failure (SALT-HF). J Card Fail. 2013; 19: 1-9 https://www.heartlungcirc.org/servlet...
4. Exercise-based rehabilitation for heart failure: systematic review and meta-analysis: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25685...
5. Efficacy and safety of exercise training in patients with chronic heart failure: HF-ACTION randomized controlled trial: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19351...
6. Thirty Years of Evidence on the Efficacy of Drug Treatments for Chronic Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction: https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.11...
7. Impact of Sacubitril/Valsartan on Patient Outcomes in Heart Failure: Evidence to Date https://www.dovepress.com/impact-of-s...
8. Perlman A, Hirsh Raccah B, Matok I, Muszkat M. Cognition and dementia-related adverse effects with sacubitril-valsartan: analysis of the FDA adverse event report system database. J Card Fail. 2018;24(8):533–536. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29746...

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