中途岛战役（上），太平洋战争最致命之战！粉碎山本五十六狂妄之举

00:00 前言
01:14 烂摊子
02:37 解密
05:02 情报战
中途島海戰（英語：Battle of Midway，日語：ミッドウェー海戦）是第二次世界大戰中美國海軍和日本海軍在中途島附近海域進行的一場大規模海戰，主要戰斗在1942年6月4日於中途島西北海域爆發，後續戰事一直持續至6月7日。

1942年初，日本陸續達成南方作戰的戰略目標，但軍方卻對下一步行動意見分歧。在聯合艦隊司令長官山本五十六堅持下，大本營放棄向新幾內亞、斐濟、薩摩亞一帶的西南太平洋推進，轉為在6月4日進攻位於中太平洋、為夏威夷群島西北屏障的中途島。然而山本的目標不是中途島，而是利用登陸艦隊引誘在珍珠港事件倖免於難的美軍航空母艦，再派遣日軍“機動部隊”的六艘航空母艦予以伏擊。不過，日本海軍有兩艘航母在5月珊瑚海海戰受損而無法參戰，導致剩下四艘航母參戰，兩軍至此艦隊勢力差距縮小，其無線電通訊密碼遭到美軍部分破譯至為關鍵。美國太平洋艦隊總司令切斯特·尼米茲根據破譯訊息提供的情報，隨即制訂反埋伏作戰，緊急召集三艘航母到中途島，美國集中的艦載機戰力與日軍平起平坐，不過仍僅大略知道日軍戰術，並不清楚機動艦隊的位置。結果，美軍在6月4日成功發現並伏擊機動部隊，以一艘航空母艦與中途島軍事基地為代價，換得擊沉了日軍四艘航母。

中途島海戰是太平洋戰爭的轉折點。日軍損失4艘航空母艦、1艘重巡洋艦、全部約250架艦載機、3500名人員；美軍損失1艘航空母艦、1艘驅逐艦、150架飛機、307名人員。美軍憑藉此場戰役的勝利，扭轉了開戰以來的被動，並恢復美日兩國在西太平洋的海權均勢。日本海軍則失去開戰以來的戰略主導權，隨後於西南太平洋與盟軍陷入消耗戰，在第二次世界大戰中漸走下坡。
The Battle of Midway (English: Battle of Midway, Japanese: ミッドウェー海戦) was a large-scale naval battle between the US Navy and the Japanese Navy in the waters near Midway during World War II. The main battle was on June 4, 1942. The northwestern waters of Midway Island broke out, and subsequent fighting continued until June 7.

At the beginning of 1942, Japan successively achieved its strategic goal of fighting in the south, but the military had different opinions on the next move. At the insistence of the Commander of the Joint Fleet, Yamamoto Ichigo, the base camp gave up advancing to the southwest Pacific around New Guinea, Fiji, and Samoa, and switched to attacking Midway Island in the Mid-Pacific Ocean, which is the northwest barrier of the Hawaiian Islands, on June 4. However, Yamamoto's goal is not Midway Island, but to use the landing fleet to lure the US aircraft carriers that survived the Pearl Harbor incident, and then dispatch six aircraft carriers of the Japanese "Mobile Force" to ambush. However, two aircraft carriers of the Japanese Navy were damaged during the Coral Sea battle in May and were unable to participate in the war. As a result, the remaining four aircraft carriers participated in the war. The gap between the two armies' fleet forces has narrowed so far, and it is critical that their radio communication codes have been partially deciphered by the US military. Based on the information provided by the deciphering information, the commander-in-chief of the US Pacific Fleet, Chester Nimitz, immediately formulated anti-ambush operations and urgently summoned three aircraft carriers to Midway Island. The concentrated US carrier-based aircraft had the same combat power as the Japanese army, but still only roughly. Know the tactics of the Japanese army, but do not know the location of the mobile fleet. As a result, the US military successfully discovered and ambushed the mobile force on June 4, and sank four Japanese aircraft carriers at the expense of an aircraft carrier and a military base on Midway Island.

The Battle of Midway was a turning point in the Pacific War. The Japanese lost 4 aircraft carriers, 1 heavy cruiser, all about 250 carrier-based aircraft, and 3,500 personnel; the US lost 1 aircraft carrier, 1 destroyer, 150 aircraft, and 307 personnel. With the victory of this battle, the U.S. military reversed its passiveness since the beginning of the war and restored the sea power balance between the United States and Japan in the Western Pacific. The Japanese Navy lost its strategic dominance since the beginning of the war, and then fell into a war of attrition with the Allied forces in the Southwest Pacific, and gradually declined in World War II.