Impedance matching - why do we match impedance of electric devices?

  / pawelspychalski  
What impedance is? Why we should match the output impedance of one device with the input impedance of the other? What's up with that? What would happen if I connect 50Ohm output to 75Ohm input? Does it matter if impedances do not match?
Impedance is a sum of all resistances: static and frequency dependant coming from capacitance, inductance, and reactance.
The voltage cannot exist without current. By changing the input/output impedance ratio, we change how much voltage comparing to current flow from one device to the other.
Guess what... the most power is transferred when that ratio is 1:1 - input impedance is matched to output impedance. Half of the voltage might be lost in a voltage divider, but power is transferred most efficiently.
When working with high frequencies, when the impedance is not matched, reflections as appearing and they take away some of the signals as well. It's just like a reflection in a glass of water. Air and water and "transparent" but since they have different densities, some of the light is reflected at the border between them.

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