The Battle of Cynoscephalae [197 BC] - prehistory to the historical battle - Rome: Total War

The Battle of Cynoscephalae [197 BC] - prehistory to the historical battle - Rome: Total War

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The Battle of Cynoscephalae, 197 BC, settled once and for all the age-old dispute of phalanx versus legionary warfare. Roman consul Titus Quinctius Flamininus entered Macedon with his two Senate-provided legions to confront and dethrone King Philip V in the Second Macedonian War.

As the Roman and Macedonian armies neared each other, skirmishes broke out between scouts near the town of Pherae. Neither commander wanted battle on that particular ground and poor weather minimized visibility, so they marched parallel to each other toward the town of Scotussa in hopes of better fighting ground and food, the armies separated by the Cynoscephalae hills.

Both commanders sent scouts over the hills to find the enemy, and were equally surprised to learn that the enemy lay right over the Cynoscephalae. The Macedonian scouts slowly overpowered the Romans, who requested aid from Flamininus. The Roman sent reinforcements, and as the Roman cavalry and light infantry repulsed the surging Macedonians, the skirmish moved from level ground to the summits of the Cynoscephalae. Philip responded in kind, and soon the skirmish grew to be a pitched cavalry and light infantry battle on top of the Cynoscephalae. The Roman light troops, now at a disadvantage, performed a fighting retreat back down the hills toward Flamininus and the main army. Philip, thinking his victory over the screening forces of the Romans more significant than it was, collected his encamped army and marched his phalanx to the summits of the Cynoscephalae.

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