Скачать или смотреть TN 12th History Ch 3 | LORD WELLESLEY (1798-1805) | Subsidiary Alliance & British Paramountcy |

Welcome to Simplified UPSC by पठति पठत: पठन्ति! In this comprehensive discussion, we'll dive deep into *Chapter 3: The Marquess of Wellesley (1798-1805)* of the Tamil Nadu State Board Class 12 History textbook. This chapter is vital for understanding the strategic foundation of British control in India.

Lord Wellesley, often termed the 'Empire Builder,' introduced the controversial **Subsidiary Alliance System (सहायक संधि प्रणाली)**. We meticulously break down this system, examining its deceptive nature as a 'security pact' while being a calculated tool for strategic expansion and indirect rule.

*Key Discussion Points:*
The context of French threat (Napoleon) and the Maratha conflicts that paved the way for Wellesley's policies.
Detailed analysis of the harsh conditions of the Subsidiary Alliance: mandatory British forces, the role of the British Resident, and restrictions on foreign policy.
The devastating socio-economic and political impact on Indian states, leading to the loss of sovereignty and financial ruin (Subsidy burden).
Major military conflicts: The **Fourth Anglo-Mysore War (1799)**, resulting in the death of Tipu Sultan, and the **Second Anglo-Maratha War (1803-1805)**, triggered by the **Treaty of Bassein (1802)**.
Wellesley’s use of annexation and coercion on states like Hyderabad, Awadh, and the Carnatic.
Administrative moves, including the establishment of Fort William College.

This lecture is essential for mastering the phase where the British East India Company transitioned from a trading body to the undisputed Paramount Power in India. Whether you are preparing for UPSC Prelims or Mains, this detailed breakdown provides the necessary facts and analytical depth.

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📝 SUMMARY 📝
This video analyzes TN 12th History Chapter 3, focusing on Lord Wellesley (1798-1805), the architect of British Paramountcy in India. The discussion centers on the Subsidiary Alliance System—its clever conditions (mandatory British troops, financial subsidy, British Resident), the resulting loss of sovereignty and financial ruin for Indian states (like Hyderabad and Awadh), and its role in sparking the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War and the Second Anglo-Maratha War. Wellesley's goal was strategic expansion and eliminating French influence, cementing the British position as the supreme power in India through indirect rule.

⏰ TIMESTAMPS ⏰
00:00:00 - Introduction & Context: Lord Wellesley (1798-1805)
00:01:14 - Understanding the Subsidiary Alliance System
00:02:17 - First Condition: Permanent British Force & Control
00:02:47 - Second Condition: Subsidy Payment or Cession of Territory
00:03:29 - Other Conditions: British Resident & Foreign Policy Control
00:04:24 - Result: Protected State vs. Paramount Power (ब्रिटिश सर्वोच्चता)
00:04:49 - States under Subsidiary Alliance (Hyderabad, Tanjore, Awadh)
00:06:03 - Impact on Indian States: Loss of Sovereignty & Economic Decline
00:06:55 - Social Impact: Unemployment and the Rise of Pindaris
00:07:40 - Military Action: Fourth Anglo-Mysore War (1799)
00:08:10 - Battle of Seringapatam & Fate of Tipu Sultan
00:08:35 - Annexations of Tanjore, Surat, and Carnatic
00:09:14 - Second Anglo-Maratha War (1803-1805)
00:09:41 - Treaty of Bassein (1802) and its Consequences
00:10:25 - Defeat of Scindia and Bhonsle; Maratha Power Declined
00:11:02 - Wellesley's Administrative Measures: Fort William College (1800)
00:11:43 - Assessment of Wellesley: The Empire Builder
00:12:35 - Revision through UPSC Exam Questions (Q&A)
00:16:11 - Prelims Pointers: Key Terms, Dates, People, Treaties
00:16:52 - Mains Insights: Analytical Points on Indirect Rule
00:17:54 - Concluding Thought & Discussion Prompt

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